在Java中,父类与子类之间的类型转换有两种,一种是子类向上转型父类(这永远是安全的),另一种是父类向下转型为子类(这得由相应的instanceof来判断数据类型,同时这也是一种不安全的转换)
Base class 与derived class 之间,为了达到从一个特定类型转为一个通用类型(有点多态的味道),可以借助向上]转型这一工具(即子类向上转为父类类型的),因为Java里的对象引用都是dynamic binding或者lated bindin或者runing time binding,缺点就是在向上转型的过程中会丢失了属于子类专用的方法;向下转型中用得最多的就是interface的运用.下面用一段代码讲示:
class Base
{
public void baseMethod()
{
System.out.println("into Base#baseMethod");
}
public void fuc()
{
System.out.println("into Base#fuc");
}
}
class Child extends Base
{
public void childMethod()
{
System.out.println("into Child#childMethod");
}
public void fuc()
{
System.out.println("into Child#fuc");
}
}
class CCChild extends Child
{
public void ccchildMethod()
{
System.out.println("into CCChild#ccchildMethod");
}
public void fuc()
{
System.out.println("into CCChild#fuc");
}
}
class DChild extends CCChild
{
public void dchildMethod()
{
System.out.println("into DChild#dchildMethod");
}
public void fuc()
{
System.out.println("into DChild#fuc");
}
}
public class DynamicBindingTest
{
public static void main(String[]args)
{
Base bs=new Child();
bs.fuc();//dynamic binding derived Child so call Child#fuc
// bs.childMethod();//error:this method has been lost when upcasting to base class Base
Base cbs=new CCChild();
cbs.fuc();
// bs.ccchildMethod();//error:this method has been lost when upcasting to base class Base
System.out.println("=================");
Child c=new Child();
CCChild ccc=new CCChild();
DChild dc=new DChild();
testCall(c);
testCall(ccc);
testCall(dc);
}
static void testCall(Base b)
{
b.fuc();
}
}
控制台打印出来的结果
into Child#fuc
into CCChild#fuc
================
into Child#fuc
into CCChild#fuc
into DChild#fuc