目录
1. Reactor模型
普通函数调用的机制：
程序调用某函数，函数执行，程序等待，函数将结果和控制权返回给程序，程序继续处理。
什么是Reactor?
Reactor释义“反应堆”，框架：是一种事件驱动的反应堆模式,高效的事件处理模型。和普通函数调用的不同之处在于：应用程序不是主动的调用某个API完成处理，而是恰恰相反，Reactor逆置了事件处理流程，应用程序需要提供相应的接口并注册到Reactor上，如果相应的时间发生，Reactor将主动调用应用程序注册的接口，这些接口又称为“回调函数”。
reactor反应堆：当有事件，事件类型可能不相同，需要提前注册好不同的事件处理函数。由epoll_wait获取同时到来的多个事件，并且根据数据的不同类型将事件分发给事件处理机制(事件处理器)，需要提前注册的哪些接口函数。
2. Reactor 模型有三个重要的组件：
1.多路复用器：由操作系统提供，在 linux 上一般是 select, poll, epoll 等系统调用。
2. 事件分发器：将多路复用器中返回的就绪事件分到对应的处理函数中。
3. 事件处理器：负责处理特定事件的处理函数。
具体流程如下：
1. 注册读就绪事件和相应的事件处理器；
2. 事件分离器等待事件；
3. 事件到来，激活分离器，分离器调用事件对应的处理器；
4. 事件处理器完成实际的读操作，处理读到的数据，注册新的事件，然后返还控制
权。
3. reactor所需要结构体分析
1. 管理每一个fd的结构体
//管理每一个io fd的结构体
struct ntyevent{
int fd; //io fd
int events;
void *arg;
int (*callback)(int fd, int events, void* arg); //执行回调函数
int status; //判断是否已有事件
char buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH]; //用户缓冲区
int length; //用户缓冲区长度
};2. 管理ntyevent fd的块
//管理ntyevent fd的块
struct eventblock{
struct eventblock* next; //指向ntyevent fd集合
struct ntyevent* events; //指向下一个ntyevent fd的块
};3. Reactor结构体
//reacotr结点
struct ntyreactor{
int epfd; //epoll fd
int blkcnt; //ntyevent fd的块 计数
struct eventblock* evblks; //指向ntyevent fd的块头结点
};4. epoll对fd操作的封装
//io fd结构体设置
void nty_event_set(struct ntyevent* ev, int fd, NCALLBACK callback, void* arg)
{
ev->fd = fd;
ev->callback = callback;
ev->events = 0;
ev->arg = arg;
return ;
}
//io fd add 事件
int nty_event_add(int epfd, int events, struct ntyevent *ev)
{
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev; //io fd结构体
ep_ev.events = ev->events = events; //需要检测的fd事件
int op; //操作类型
if(ev->status == 1){
op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD; //修改
}else{
op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD; //添加
ev->status = 1; //标志已经添加
}
if(epoll_ctl(epfd, op, ev->fd, &ep_ev) <0 ){ //绑定
printf("event add failed [fd=%d], events[%d]\n", ev->fd, events);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
//io fd del 事件
int nty_event_del(int epfd, struct ntyevent* ev)
{
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
if(ev->status != 1){ //没有添加过检测的fd事件
return -1;
}
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
ev->status = 0; //标志未添加
epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &ep_ev);
return 0;
}5. reactor的操作
//reactor扩展大小
int ntyreactor_alloc(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if(reactor == NULL) return -1;
if(reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct eventblock* blk = reactor->evblks; //块的头结点
//找尾节点
while(blk->next != NULL){ //找到尾节点
blk = blk->next;
}
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc ntyevent failed\n");
return -2;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc eventblock failed\n");
return -3;
}
//io fd集合连接成块
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
//指向新块
blk->next = block;
reactor->blkcnt ++;
return 0;
}
//根据io fd来找fd结构体
struct ntyevent *ntyreactor_idx(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd) {
if (reactor == NULL) return NULL;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return NULL;
int blkidx = sockfd / MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS; //在哪一个块
while (blkidx >= reactor->blkcnt) { //大小不够扩容
ntyreactor_alloc(reactor);
}
int i = 0;
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks; //头结点块
while (i++ != blkidx && blk != NULL) { //找到所在的块
blk = blk->next;
}
return &blk->events[sockfd % MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS]; //返回fd结构体
}
//reactor初始化
int ntyreactor_init(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if(reactor == NULL) return -1;
memset(reactor, 0, sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
reactor->epfd = epoll_create(1);
if (reactor->epfd <= 0) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -2;
}
//创建第一个块
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
free(evs);
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
reactor->evblks = block;
reactor->blkcnt = 1;
return 0;
}
//销毁reactor
int ntyreactor_destory(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
close(reactor->epfd);
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks;
struct eventblock *blk_next;
while (blk != NULL) {
blk_next = blk->next;
free(blk->events);
free(blk);
blk = blk_next;
}
return 0;
}6. 事件的回调函数
//recv回调
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor* reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent* ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if(ev == NULL)return -1;
int len = recv(fd, ev->buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, 0);
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
if (len > 0) {
ev->length = len;
ev->buffer[len] = '\0';
printf("recv [%d]:%s\n", fd, ev->buffer);
//将fd 设置为发送事件
nty_event_set(ev, fd, send_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLOUT, ev);
} else if (len == 0) { //客户端断开连接
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
printf("recv_cb --> disconnect\n");
close(ev->fd);
} else { //返回错误
if (errno == EAGAIN && errno == EWOULDBLOCK) { //
} else if (errno == ECONNRESET){
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
}
printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
//send回调
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor* reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent* ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if (ev == NULL) return -1;
int len = send(fd, ev->buffer, ev->length, 0);
if (len > 0) {
printf("send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n", fd, len, ev->buffer);
//发送后，将fd设置为接收事件
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
nty_event_set(ev, fd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, ev);
} else { //发送失败
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
printf("send[fd=%d] error %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
//客户端接入回调
int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);
int clientfd;
//客户端接入
if ((clientfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) == -1) {
if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
}
printf("accept: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
//设置非阻塞fd
int flag = 0;
if ((flag = fcntl(clientfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %d\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
return -1;
}
struct ntyevent *event = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, clientfd);
if (event == NULL) return -1;
//将该fd设置为recv
nty_event_set(event, clientfd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, event);
printf("new connect [%s:%d], pos[%d]\n",
inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port), clientfd);
return 0;
}7. 完整代码和测试结果
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define BUFFER_LENGTH 1024
#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS 1024 //epoll事件数量
#define SERVER_PORT 8888
#define PORT_COUNT 100
typedef int NCALLBACK(int ,int ,void*);
//管理每一个io fd的结构体
struct ntyevent{
int fd; //io fd
int events;
void *arg;
int (*callback)(int fd, int events, void* arg); //执行回调函数
int status; //判断是否已有事件
char buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH]; //用户缓冲区
int length; //用户缓冲区长度
};
//管理ntyevent fd的块
struct eventblock{
struct eventblock* next; //指向ntyevent fd集合
struct ntyevent* events; //指向下一个ntyevent fd的块
};
//reacotr结点
struct ntyreactor{
int epfd; //epoll fd
int blkcnt; //ntyevent fd的块 计数
struct eventblock* evblks; //指向ntyevent fd的块头结点
};
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)；
struct ntyevent *ntyreactor_idx(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd);
//io fd结构体设置
void nty_event_set(struct ntyevent* ev, int fd, NCALLBACK callback, void* arg)
{
ev->fd = fd;
ev->callback = callback;
ev->events = 0;
ev->arg = arg;
return ;
}
//io fd add
int nty_event_add(int epfd, int events, struct ntyevent *ev)
{
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev; //io fd结构体
ep_ev.events = ev->events = events; //需要检测的fd事件
int op; //操作类型
if(ev->status == 1){
op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD; //修改
}else{
op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD; //添加
ev->status = 1; //标志已经添加
}
if(epoll_ctl(epfd, op, ev->fd, &ep_ev) <0 ){ //绑定
printf("event add failed [fd=%d], events[%d]\n", ev->fd, events);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
//io fd del
int nty_event_del(int epfd, struct ntyevent* ev)
{
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
if(ev->status != 1){ //没有添加过检测的fd事件
return -1;
}
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
ev->status = 0; //标志未添加
epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &ep_ev);
return 0;
}
//recv回调
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor* reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent* ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if(ev == NULL)return -1;
int len = recv(fd, ev->buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, 0);
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
if (len > 0) {
ev->length = len;
ev->buffer[len] = '\0';
printf("recv [%d]:%s\n", fd, ev->buffer);
//将fd 设置为发送事件
nty_event_set(ev, fd, send_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLOUT, ev);
} else if (len == 0) { //客户端断开连接
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
printf("recv_cb --> disconnect\n");
close(ev->fd);
} else { //返回错误
if (errno == EAGAIN && errno == EWOULDBLOCK) { //
} else if (errno == ECONNRESET){
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
}
printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
//send回调
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor* reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent* ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if (ev == NULL) return -1;
int len = send(fd, ev->buffer, ev->length, 0);
if (len > 0) {
printf("send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n", fd, len, ev->buffer);
//发送后，将fd设置为接收事件
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
nty_event_set(ev, fd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, ev);
} else { //发送失败
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
printf("send[fd=%d] error %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
//客户端接入回调
int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);
int clientfd;
//客户端接入
if ((clientfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) == -1) {
if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
}
printf("accept: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
//设置非阻塞fd
int flag = 0;
if ((flag = fcntl(clientfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %d\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
return -1;
}
struct ntyevent *event = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, clientfd);
if (event == NULL) return -1;
//将该fd设置为recv
nty_event_set(event, clientfd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, event);
printf("new connect [%s:%d], pos[%d]\n",
inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port), clientfd);
return 0;
}
//创建socket监听
int init_sock(short port)
{
int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if (listen(fd, 20) < 0) {
printf("listen failed : %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
printf("listen server port : %d\n", port);
return fd;
}
//reactor扩展大小
int ntyreactor_alloc(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if(reactor == NULL) return -1;
if(reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct eventblock* blk = reactor->evblks; //块的头结点
//找尾节点
while(blk->next != NULL){ //找到尾节点
blk = blk->next;
}
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc ntyevent failed\n");
return -2;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc eventblock failed\n");
return -3;
}
//io fd集合连接成块
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
//指向新块
blk->next = block;
reactor->blkcnt ++;
return 0;
}
//根据io fd来找fd结构体
struct ntyevent *ntyreactor_idx(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd) {
if (reactor == NULL) return NULL;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return NULL;
int blkidx = sockfd / MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS; //在哪一个块
while (blkidx >= reactor->blkcnt) { //大小不够扩容
ntyreactor_alloc(reactor);
}
int i = 0;
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks; //头结点块
while (i++ != blkidx && blk != NULL) { //找到所在的块
blk = blk->next;
}
return &blk->events[sockfd % MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS]; //返回fd结构体
}
//reactor初始化
int ntyreactor_init(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if(reactor == NULL) return -1;
memset(reactor, 0, sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
reactor->epfd = epoll_create(1);
if (reactor->epfd <= 0) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -2;
}
//创建第一个块
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
free(evs);
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
reactor->evblks = block;
reactor->blkcnt = 1;
return 0;
}
//销毁reactor
int ntyreactor_destory(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
close(reactor->epfd);
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks;
struct eventblock *blk_next;
while (blk != NULL) {
blk_next = blk->next;
free(blk->events);
free(blk);
blk = blk_next;
}
return 0;
}
//初始化接收连接socket
int ntyreactor_addlistener(struct ntyreactor* reactor, int sockfd, NCALLBACK *acceptor){
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct ntyevent* event = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, sockfd);
if (event == NULL) return -1;
nty_event_set(event, sockfd, acceptor, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, event);
return 0;
}
//reactor事件循环
int ntyreactor_run(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
if (reactor->epfd < 0) return -1;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct epoll_event events[MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS+1];
int checkpos = 0, i;
while(1){
int nready = epoll_wait(reactor->epfd, events, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS, 1000);
if (nready < 0) {
printf("epoll_wait error, exit\n");
continue;
}
for(i = 0;i < nready; i++){
struct ntyevent* ev = (struct ntyevent*)events[i].data.ptr; //发生事件的io fd结构体
if((events[i].events & EPOLLIN) && (ev->events & EPOLLIN)){
ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
if((events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) && (ev->events & EPOLLOUT)){
ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)malloc(sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
ntyreactor_init(reactor);
//起始的端口号
unsigned short port = SERVER_PORT;
if (argc == 2) {
port = atoi(argv[1]);
}
int i = 0;
int sockfds[PORT_COUNT] = {0};
for (i = 0;i < PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
sockfds[i] = init_sock(port+i);
ntyreactor_addlistener(reactor, sockfds[i], accept_cb);
}
ntyreactor_run(reactor);
ntyreactor_destory(reactor);
for (i = 0;i < PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
close(sockfds[i]);
}
free(reactor);
return 0;
}
运行结果：
总结
本章实现了一个网络经典模型，设计模式reactor 事件循环，事件驱动的反应堆模式.
组件:
事件处理器：回调函数callback
事件分发器：(将事件分发给对应的事件处理器),
多路复用器：(select poll epoll 等操作系统提供的多路复用技术)
流程：
1. 注册读就绪事件和相应的事件处理器；
2. 事件分离器等待事件；
3. 事件到来，激活分离器，分离器调用事件对应的处理器；
4. 事件处理器完成实际的读操作，处理读到的数据，注册新的事件，然后返还控制
权。
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