Oracle#Oracle19c的yum安装和使用

一、安装全过程

yum安装很简单，但是需要先把包下载好需要先把包下载好
系统的2核4G配置尽量高，磁盘容量>60G
官网找：
oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
localinstall oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
RPM安装默认的数据文件路径是/opt/oracle/oradata
配置成功之后，切换orecle用户(已经自动创建)

先用root用户配置一下oracle用户的环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

切换为oracle用户，进入oracle数据库
[oracle@localhost ~]$ su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

二、Oracle19cyum安装分步

Oracle 19c，或者说是Oracle 12.2.0.3，是12c中稳定的版本，就像Oracle 11.2.0.4，是值得让客户做出升级决策，从Oracle支持的版本序列图中，就可以看出Oracle 19c所处的地位，Oracle 19c将稳定性作为此版本的核心目标，开发人员专注于修复已知问题，而不是添加新功能，这可能是让19c更加可靠以及让客户决定升级的关键因素

19c相关技术文档，
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/index.html
19c的安装，相比11g，除了支持图形、命令行、静默安装外，最大的改进，就是支持RPM安装

19c的RPM包下载链接
https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html

使用手工方式，通过RPM安装19c数据库，只需要两步操作，

步骤1：安装oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
步骤2：安装oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost software]# yum install oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
              : manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Examining oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64
Marking oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
================================================================================
 Package                Arch   Version
                                     Repository                            Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-database-ee-19c x86_64 1.0-1 /oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 6.9 G
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package
 
Total size: 6.9 G
Installed size: 6.9 G
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                          1/1
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
  Verifying  : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                          1/1
 
Installed:
  oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1                                         
 

完成了软件安装，下一步就是创建数据库，指令是

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

要求使用root执行

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
 
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:ORCLCDB
System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details.
 
Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

从路径中，可以看到，相关的控制文件、日志文件、数据文件

[oracle@localhost ORCLCDB]$ pwd
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB
[oracle@localhost ORCLCDB]$ ls
control01.ctl  ORCLPDB1  redo01.log  redo03.log    system01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
control02.ctl  pdbseed   redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  temp01.dbf    users01.dbf

和11g相同，oracle用户的profile，需要做些配置，增加环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

正常访问

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Sep 8 08:55:56 2019
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
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从安装步骤看，RPM确实简单，除了需要关注安装路径和数据库文件的磁盘空间，以及保证依赖包具备，需要做的，就是一个RPM指令，降低了以往Linux下的安装复杂性，和19c倡导Autonomous自治不谋而和，真正实现了一键安装

三、oracle数据库的使用

１、登录数据库

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 23 03:04:22 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

???: 
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>        
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME			  OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
	 2 PDB$SEED			  READ ONLY  NO
	 3 ORCLPDB1			  READ WRITE NO
SQL> 
SQL> 
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２、修改密码

alter user system identified by 123456;

３、使用官方连接工具sqldeveloper连接