Linux安装Oracle19c(极简版)

1. Oracle下载
   oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
   oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
   
   
   
2. Oracle安装

   cd /opt
   yum -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
   yum -y localinstall oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

3. 环境变量

   echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1" >> /etc/profile
   echo "export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/profile
   echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8" >> /etc/profile
   echo "export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB" >> /etc/profile
   source /etc/profile

4. Oracle配置

   1.执行oracle配置：/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
   
   2.创建oracle用户：useradd oracle
   
   3.切换oracle用户：su oracle
   
   4.连接oracle数据库：sqlplus / as sysdba
   
   5.创建数据库用户(c##oracle19c)：create user c##oracle19c identified by 123456;
   
   6.授权数据库用户(c##oracle19c)：grant dba to c##oracle19c;
   
   7.防火墙打开端口权限：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent && firewall-cmd --reload
   
   解释说明：
   root用户无法通过'sqlplus / as sysdba'命令连接oracle，只有oracle用户可以通过'sqlplus / as sysdba'命令
   连接oracle，所以需要创建oracle用户，通过oracle用户执行'sqlplus / as sysdba'命令连接oracle，连接oracle
   成功后创建的数据库用户c##oracle19c是允许root用户连接oracle，需要注意Oracle19c数据库用户名必须以c##开头

5. Oracle启动

   1.切换用户：su oracle
   
   2.关闭监听：lsnrctl stop
   
   3.连接oracle：sqlplus / as sysdba
   
   4.关闭oracle：shutdown immediate
   
   5.启动oracle：startup
   
   6.断开oracle：exit
   
   7.启动监听：lsnrctl start
   
   注意：关闭监听、连接oracle、关闭oracle、启动oracle、启动监听都要在
   oracle用户下进行，关闭oracle前先关闭监听，启动监听前先启动oracle

   

6. Oracle开机启动

   ###########################方法一###########################
   1.创建启动脚本：/etc/init.d/oracle
   sudo tee /etc/init.d/oracle <<-'EOF'
   ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
   ORACLE_USER=oracle
   case $1 in
       start)
           su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
           ;;
       stop)
           su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
           ;;
       *)
           echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
           exit 1
   esac
   exit 0
   EOF
   
   2.赋予脚本执行权限：chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
   
   3.设置启动脚本为服务：chkconfig --add oracle
   
   4.设置自动启动级别：chkconfig oracle on

   ###########################方法二###########################
   #----------------------------------------------------------
   sudo tee /etc/oratab <<-'EOF'
   ORCLCDB:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1:Y
   EOF
   #----------------------------------------------------------
   sudo tee /usr/bin/oracle.sh <<-'EOF'
   #! /bin/bash
   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start
   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
   EOF
   chmod +x /usr/bin/oracle.sh
   #----------------------------------------------------------
   sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/oracle.service <<-'EOF'
   [Unit]
   Description=Oracle19c
   After=syslog.target network.target
   [Service]
   Type=oneshot
   RemainAfterExit=yes
   User=oracle
   Environment="ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1"
   ExecStart=/usr/bin/oracle.sh
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF
   #----------------------------------------------------------
   systemctl enable oracle
   #----------------------------------------------------------
   reboot

7. Navicat连接Oracle