Servlet学习笔记

server applet

概念：运行在服务器端的小程序。
Servlet就是一个接口，定义了Java类被浏览器访问到（Tomcat识别）的规则。
将来定义一个类，实现Servlet接口，复写方法。

package web1;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/demo")
public class Demo01_Web implements Servlet {//定义一个类继承Servlet接口
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
    //与<load-on-startup>有关，只执行一次，默认被访问时执行
        System.out.println("init!");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {//获取ServletConfig对象
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //每次被访问时都会执行
        System.out.println("注解Servlet");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {//获取Servlet的一些信息
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
	//执行后关闭服务器，执行一次
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
   <servlet>
       <servlet-name>demo1</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>web1.Demo01_Web</servlet-class>
<!--       指定Servlet的创建时机
        1.第一次被访问时，创建<load-on-startup>的值为负数，默认值为-1
        2.在服务器启动时，创建<load-on-startup>的值为0或正整数
-->
       <load-on-startup>5</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo1</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

其他设置虚拟路径的方法

package web1;

import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo2")//单个路径{}可省略
public class Demo02_Web extends GenericServlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo2.....");

    }
}

虚拟路径格式

1.多级路径 @WebServlet("/demo1/demo2")
2.*通配符，代表任意，优先级低  @WebServlet("/demo1/*")
3.多个路径  @WebServlet({"/demo1","/demo2","/demo3"})
4.自定义  @WebServlet("*.do")    do的位置上可以任意起名称，*号前没有/

GenericServlet抽象类实现Servlet接口；HttpServlet抽象类继类GenericServlet抽象类

package web1;

import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo2")
public class Demo02_Web extends GenericServlet {
//GenericServlet抽象类实现Servlet接口，只用复写service方法，其它方法默认为空
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo2.....");

    }
}

package web1;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo3")
public class Demo03_Web extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //用来处理页面表单提交的get请求
    //HTTP 中通过浏览器直接请是 Get 方式, 以 Post 方式提交表单时为 Post.
        System.out.println("doget");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //用于客户端把数据传送到服务器端,
        System.out.println("dopost");
    }
}