Listener是Servlet的监听器,它可以监听客户端的请求、服务端的操作等。通过监听器,可以自动激发一些操作,比如监听在线用户的数量。
当增加一个HttpSession时,就激发sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)方法,这样就可以给在线人数加1.
1、Servlet常用的监听接口:
-ServletContextAttributeListener监听对ServletContext属性的操作,比如增加、删除、修改属性:attributeAdded(),attributeRemoved()、attributeReplaced()
-ServletContextListener监听ServletContext,当创建ServletContext时,激发contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)方法;当销毁ServletContext时,激发contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce)方法
2、一个监听器实例:监听ServletContext的创建与销毁
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener
{
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce)
{
System.out.println("destroyed" + sce.getServletContext());
}
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)
{
System.out.println("initialized " + sce.getServletContext());
}
}
监听器同Servlet和Filter一样,也需要在Web.xml中进行部署,上面的监听器部署如下:
<listener>
<listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
一个监听器:对ServletContext的属性进行监听:
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements
ServletContextAttributeListener
{
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab)
{
System.out.println("attribute added");
System.out.println(scab.getName() + ":" + scab.getValue());
}
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab)
{
System.out.println("attribute removed");
System.out.println(scab.getName() + ":" + scab.getValue());
}
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab)
{
System.out.println("attribute replace");
System.out.println(scab.getName() + ":" + scab.getValue());
}
}
web.xml中部署:
<listener>
<listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
</listener>
使用jsp页面改变ServletContext属性进行试验:
<body>
<% application.setAttribute("testaa","aaaaaa"); %>
<% application.setAttribute("testaa","bbbbbb"); %>
<% application.setAttribute("testaa","cccccc"); %>
<% application.setAttribute("testaa","dddddd"); %>
</body>
<body>
<% application.removeAttribute("testaa"); %>
</body>
3、HttpSessionListener监听HttpSession的操作。当创建一个Session时,激发sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)方法;当销毁一个Session时,激发sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se)方法。
HttpSessionAttributeListener监听HttpSession中的属性的操作。当在Session增加一个属性时,激发attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)方法;当在Session删除一个属性时,激发attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)方法;当在Session属性被重新设置时,激发attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)方法。
监听session创建:
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class MySessionListener implements HttpSessionListener
{
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)
{
System.out.println("session created");
System.out.println(se.getSession());
}
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se)
{
System.out.println("session destroyed");
System.out.println(se.getSession());
}
}
<listener>
<listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MySessionListener</listener-class>
</listener>
监听session属性:
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
public class MySessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener
{
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)
{
System.out.println("attribute added");
System.out.println(se.getName() + ":" + se.getValue());
}
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)
{
System.out.println("attribute removed");
System.out.println(se.getName() + ":" + se.getValue());
}
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se)
{
System.out.println("attribute replaced");
System.out.println(se.getName() + ":" + se.getValue());
}
}
web.xml中部署:
<listener>
<listener-class>com.cdtax.listener.MySessionAttributeListener</listener-class>
</listener>
测试jsp
<body>
<% session.setAttribute("aa","bb");
session.setAttribute("aa","cc");
session.setAttribute("aa","dd");
session.removeAttribute("aa");
%>
</body>