python descriptor

python descriptor主要对类的静态属性进行定制化设置，在赋值或者获取值时做一些初始化处理。

class RevealAccess(object):
    """A data descriptor that sets and returns values
       normally and prints a message logging their access.
    """


    def __init__(self, initval=None, name='var'):
        self.val = initval
        self.name = name


    def __get__(self, obj, objtype):
        print 'Retrieving', self.name
        return self.val


    def __set__(self, obj, val):
        print 'Updating' , self.name
        self.val = val




class MyClass(object):
    x = RevealAccess(10, 'var "x"')
    y = 5


if __name__ == '__main__':
    m = MyClass()
    print m.x


    m.x = 20


    print m.x


    print m.y


    n = MyClass()
    print n.x


    n.x = 30


    print n.y


    print m.x

输出结果：

Retrieving var "x"
10
Updating var "x"
Retrieving var "x"
20
5
Retrieving var "x"
20
Updating var "x"
5
Retrieving var "x"
30

一般情况下，对象会优先使用对象属性

示例：
class t(object):
 a=4
 def __init__(self):
   self.a = 5
   self.b = 8

>>>l = t()
>>>l.__dict__
{'a': 5, 'b': 8}
>>>l.a = 5

如果class t中未定义slef.a，则l.a为4