Django通过nginx 部署(成功运行)

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-24 11:08:31 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： django nginx debian

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kbitosy/article/details/122040525

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配置python版本和ssh启用root参考其它文章

完整项目路径 /root/projects/mysutra_pro

下级目录/root/projects/mysutra_pro/mysutra是源码目录

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# ls 
db.sqlite3 manage.py ms_env mysutra 
root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# ls 
mysutra/ asgi.py __init__.py __pycache__ settings.py urls.py wsgi.py

前置需求

apt install python3-venv 
apt install curl 
apt install python3-pip 
cd /root/projects/mysutra_pro

建立虚拟环境

(读者请根据项目需求确认是否需要虚拟环境，本文章是在虚拟环境下建立的项目)

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# python -m venv ms_env 
root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# ls 
ms_env

激活虚拟环境

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# source ms_env/bin/activate 
(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro#

停止虚拟环境

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# deactivate

在虚拟环境下安装配套软件

pip install django

创建项目(记住此条命令生成的路径，非常重要)

项目名称后面必须带有.号

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# django-admin startproject mysutra .
(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# ls 
manage.py ms_env mysutra 
(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# pwd 
/root/projects/mysutra_pro

创建数据库

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# python manage.py migrate 
Operations to perform: 
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions 
Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK 
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK 
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK 
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK 
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK 
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK 
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK 
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK 
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK 
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK 
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK 
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK 
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK 
Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK 
Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK 
Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK 
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

运行项目

方法1：

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# python manage.py runserver 8081

方法2：

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# python manage.py runserver 8081 &

测试运行情况

1.测试方法1运行情况

(在上一个ssh未关闭的情况下，另外开启ssh)

root@VM-12-2-debian:~# curl http://127.0.0.1:8081

测试成功后，在上个SSH终端Ctrl+c退出测试命令

2.测试方法2运行情况

(无需单独开启ssh终端)

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# curl http://127.0.0.1:8081

测试成功后，需要按以下命令关闭runserver命令，端口号根据实际情况填写

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# lsof -i :8081 
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME 
python 26727 root 4u IPv4 116472 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:tproxy (LISTEN) 
(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# kill 26727

退出虚拟环境

(ms_env) root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# deactivate

安装uwsgi

root@VM-12-2-debian:~# python -m pip install uwsgi --upgrade

使用uwsgi运行上面的项目

参考格式:

uwsgi --http :8001 --chdir /path/to/project --home=/path/to/env --module project.wsgi

--home 指定virtualenv 路径，如果没有可以去掉。project.wsgi 指的是 project/wsgi.py 文件,将project改成项目名称即可。项目名称由上面"django-admin startproject mysutra ."这条命令生成。

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# uwsgi --http :8081 --chdir /root/projects/mysutra_pro/ --home=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/ms_env/ --module mysutra.wsgi

*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.20 (64bit) on [Sat Dec 18 12:14:28 2021] *** 
compiled with version: 8.3.0 on 18 December 2021 04:08:22 
os: Linux-4.19.0-11-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.146-1 (2020-09-17) 
nodename: VM-12-2-debian 
machine: x86_64 clock 
source: unix detected 
number of CPU cores: 1 
current working directory: /root/projects/mysutra_pro 
detected binary path: /usr/local/bin/uwsgi 
!!! no internal routing support, rebuild with pcre support !!! 
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options 
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
chdir() to /root/projects/mysutra_pro/ 
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI without its master process manager *** 
your processes number limit is 7343 
your memory page size is 4096 bytes 
detected max file descriptor number: 1024 
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes 
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock) 
uWSGI http bound on :8081 fd 4 
spawned uWSGI http 1 (pid: 2205) 
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:32843 (port auto-assigned) fd 3 
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options 
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
Python version: 3.7.3 (default, Jan 22 2021, 20:04:44) [GCC 8.3.0] 
PEP 405 virtualenv detected: /root/projects/mysutra_pro/ms_env/ 
Set PythonHome to /root/projects/mysutra_pro/ms_env/ 
*** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads ***
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x55c47c27f670 
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options 
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections 
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds 
mapped 72904 bytes (71 KB) for 1 cores 
*** Operational MODE: single process *** 
WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x55c47c27f670 pid: 2204 (default app) 
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options 
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode *** 
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (and the only) (pid: 2204, cores: 1)

通过另外的ssh终端进行测试

root@VM-12-2-debian:~# curl http://127.0.0.1:8081

关闭uwsgi

按照端口进行查询：

lsof -i :8002

可以查出：

COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE             DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
uwsgi   2208   tu    4u  IPv4 0x53492abadb5c9659      0t0  TCP *:teradataordbms (LISTEN)
uwsgi   2209   tu    4u  IPv4 0x53492abadb5c9659      0t0  TCP *:teradataordbms (LISTEN)

这时根据 PID 可以用下面的命令 kill 掉相关程序：

kill -9 2208 2209

按照程序名称查询：

ps aux | grep uwsgi

补充内容：

使用 gunicorn 代替 uwsgi 的方法

python -m pip install gunicorn

#在项目目录下运行下面的命令进行测试：

gunicorn -w4 -b0.0.0.0:8001 zqxt.wsgi

-w 表示开启多少个worker，-b 表示要使用的ip和port，我们这里用的是 8001，0.0.0.0代表监控电脑的所有 ip。

如果使用了 virtualenv 可以这样

/path/to/env/bin/gunicorn --chdir /path/to/project --pythonpath /path/to/env/ -w4 -b0.0.0.0:8017 project.wsgi:application

用 --pythonpath 指定依赖包路径，多个的时候用逗号,隔开，如：'/path/to/lib,/home/tu/lib'

安装nginx

root@VM-12-2-debian:~# apt install nginx

安装supervisor

root@VM-12-2-debian:~# python -m pip install supervisor 
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/pypi/simple 
Collecting supervisor 
Downloading http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/pypi/packages/de/c9/50b1575b46ad9802e1b8d444c1ba0db842a1006ff7c9bea9d5e0ea700f2d/supervisor-4.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (743kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 747kB 16.8MB/s 
Installing collected packages: supervisor 
Successfully installed supervisor-4.2.2

生成 supervisor 默认配置文件，比如我们放在 /etc/supervisord.conf 路径中：

(sudo) echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf

打开 supervisor.conf 在最底部添加（每一行前面不要有空格，防止报错）：

参考格式:

[program:zqxt] 
command=/path/to/uwsgi --http :8003 --chdir /path/to/zqxt --module zqxt.wsgi
directory=/path/to/zqxt 
startsecs=0 
stopwaitsecs=0 
autostart=true 
autorestart=true

command 中写上对应的命令，这样，就可以用 supervisor 来管理了。

本人实际文档

[program:mysutra] 
command=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --http :8081 --chdir /root/projects/mysutra_pro/ --home=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/ms_env/ --module mysutra.wsgi 
directory=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/ 
startsecs=0 
stopwaitsecs=0 
autostart=true 
autorestart=true

启动supervisor

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

重启mysutra程序(项目)

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart mysutra 
mysutra: stopped 
mysutra: started

启动，停止，或重启 supervisor 管理的某个程序或所有程序：

(sudo) supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf [start|stop|restart] [program-name|all]

使用uwsgi的ini配置文件管理

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# vim uwsgi.ini

root@VM-12-2-debian:~# cat ~/projects/mysutra_pro/uwsgi.ini 
[uwsgi] 
;socket=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/mysutra.sock 
;socket=:8081 
http=:8081 
chdir=/root/projects/mysutra_pro 
module=mysutra.wsgi 
;wsgi-file=mysutra.wsgi.py 
;touch-reload=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/reload 
master=true 
processes=2 
threads=4 
;chmod-socket=664 
;chown-socket= 
vacuum=true 
home=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/ms_env 
;virtualenv=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/ms_env

修改supervisor配置文件

修改 supervisor 配置文件中的 command 一行：

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# cat /etc/supervisord.conf 
;...... 
;...... 
;在此配置文件最后内容...... 
;[include] 
;files = relative/directory/*.ini 

[program:mysutra] 
;command=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --http :8081 --chdir /root/projects/mysutra_pro/ --home=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/ms_env/ --module mysutra.wsgi 
command=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /root/projects/mysutra_pro/uwsgi.ini 
directory=/root/projects/mysutra_pro/ 
startsecs=0 
stopwaitsecs=0 
autostart=true 
autorestart=true

重启mysutra应用

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart mysutra 
mysutra: stopped 
mysutra: started 
#或者 
root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart all 
mysutra: stopped 
mysutra: started

配置nginx

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# cat /etc/nginx/sites-available/mysutra.conf

server{ 
    listen 80; 
    server_name mysutra.xyz; 
    charset utf-8; 
    client_max_body_size 75M; 
    location / { 
        include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; 
        uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8081; 
        uwsgi_read_timeout 15; 
    } 
}

参数说明

listen：此处填写nginx默认端口，如果你修改了nginx的默认端口，则这里也要改成相应端口

server_name：域名映射，你申请的域名...省略http//、https//

以下是location /｛｝内部的参数说明

include：你会需要 uwsgi_params 文件，可用在uWSGI发行版本的 nginx 目录下，或者从 https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params 找到。

uwsgi_pass：对应/root/projects/mysutra_pro/uwsgi.ini内的端口配置

激活网站

ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/mysutra.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mysutra.conf

测试配置语法问题

service nginx configtest 或 /path/to/nginx -t

重启 nginx 服务器：

service nginx reload 或service nginx restart 或/path/to/nginx -s reload

修改项目配置文件，使其支持外网访问

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# vim /root/projects/mysutra_pro/mysutra/settings.py 
#....... 
DEBUG = True 
#DEBUG=False 
#修改下面代码 
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

重启应用

root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart all 
mysutra: stopped 
mysutra: started

网页测试，在浏览器地址栏输入http://mysutra.xyz:8081/，可以看到django默认的debug界面，表示配置成功。

注意：每次开机都要输入以下命令激活自定义的网页

supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf 
supervisorctl -c /etc/supervisord.conf restart all

域名+端口访问项目的方式是不能满足实际项目需求的，你需要将nginx默认界面改成你的默认网页界面。

如需域名直接跳转项目主页，建议参考以下链接Django框架教程（非常细）http://c.biancheng.net/django/

懒惰的小蓝

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Django通过nginx 部署(成功运行)

配置python版本和ssh启用root参考其它文章完整项目路径 /root/projects/mysutra_pro下级目录/root/projects/mysutra_pro/mysutra是源码目录root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# ls db.sqlite3 manage.py ms_env mysutra root@VM-12-2-debian:~/projects/mysutra_pro# ls mysutra/ asgi.py _
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