通过GPIO子系统编写LED驱动，应用程序控制LED灯亮灭

mycdev.c

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>

/*myleds{
     led1=<&gpioe 10 0>; //&gpioe表示引用的是gpioe控制器 //10表示gpioe10
     //0表示默认状态
     led2=<&gpiof 10 0>;
     led3=<&gpioe 8 0>;
 };*/

char kbuf[128] = "";

struct device_node *dnode;

// led1,2,3编号
unsigned int gpiono1, gpiono2, gpiono3;

int minor = 0;            // 次设备号
unsigned int major = 500; // 静态指定设备号

dev_t devno;
struct cdev *cdev;
struct class *cls;
struct device *dev;
const int count = 3;

// 定义功能码
#define LED_ON _IOW('l', 1, int)  // 开灯
#define LED_OFF _IOW('l', 0, int) // 关灯

int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *lof)
{
    unsigned long ret;
    // 向用户空间读取拷贝
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf)) // 用户空间期待读取的大小内核满足不了，那就给内核支持的最大大小
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    ret = copy_to_user(ubuf, kbuf, size);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("copy_to_user filed\n");
        return ret;
    }
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *lof)
{
    unsigned long ret;
    // 从用户空间读取数据
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf)) // 用户空间期待读取的大小内核满足不了，那就给内核支持的最大大小
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    ret = copy_from_user(kbuf, ubuf, size);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("copy_to_user filed\n");
        return ret;
    }
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

// ioctl
long mycdev_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    int which, ret;
    // 将ioctl第三个参数的数值拷贝给which;
    ret = copy_from_user(&which, (void *)arg, sizeof(int));
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("copy_from_user filed\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
    // 根据功能码进行硬件功能控制
    switch (cmd)
    {
    case LED_ON:
        switch (which)
        {
        case 1:
            gpio_set_value(gpiono1, 1);
            break;
        case 2:
            gpio_set_value(gpiono2, 1);
            break;
        case 3:
            gpio_set_value(gpiono3, 1);
            break;
        }
        break;
    case LED_OFF:
        switch (which)
        {
        case 1:
            gpio_set_value(gpiono1, 0);
            break;
        case 2:
            gpio_set_value(gpiono2, 0);
            break;
        case 3:
            gpio_set_value(gpiono3, 0);
            break;
        }
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

// 定义操作方法结构体变量并赋值
struct file_operations fops = {
    .open = mycdev_open,
    .read = mycdev_read,
    .write = mycdev_write,
    .release = mycdev_close,
    .unlocked_ioctl = mycdev_ioctl,
};

static int __init mycdev_init(void)
{
    int ret = 0, i;
    // 1实例化字符设备驱动对象
    cdev = cdev_alloc();
    if (cdev == NULL)
    {
        ret = ENOMEM;
        goto OUT1;
    }
    printk("字符设备对象实例化成功\n");
    // 2初始化字符设备驱动对象
    cdev_init(cdev, &fops);
    // 3申请设备号
    if (major == 0) // 动态申请设备号
    {
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, minor, 3, "mycdev");
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("动态申请设备号失败\n");
            goto OUT2;
        }
        major = MAJOR(devno);
        minor = MINOR(devno);
    }
    else // 静态指定设备号
    {
        devno = MKDEV(major, 0);
        ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 3, "mycdev");
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("静态设备号失败\n");
            goto OUT2;
        }
    }
    printk("设备号申请成功\n");
    // 4.将字符设备驱动对象注册进内核
    ret = cdev_add(cdev, devno, 3);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("注册字符设备驱动失败\n");
        goto OUT3;
    }
    printk("注册字符设备驱动成功\n");
    // 5.自动创建设备节点
    cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "mycdev");
    if (IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
        ret = -PTR_ERR(cls);
        goto OUT4;
    }
    printk("向上提交目录成功\n");
    // 向上提交设备节点s

    dev = device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "mycdev");
    if (IS_ERR(dev))
    {
        printk("向上提交设备信息失败\n");
        ret = PTR_ERR(dev);
        goto OUT5;
    }

    printk("自动创建设备节点成功\n");

    // 查找myleds节点
    dnode = of_find_node_by_name(NULL, "myleds");
    if (dnode == NULL)
    {
        printk("设备树节点解析失败\n");
        ret = ENOMEM;
        goto OUT5;
    }

    // of_get_named_gpio 从设备树中解析并获取指定名称的 GPIO 引脚
    gpiono1 = of_get_named_gpio(dnode, "led1", 0);
    if (gpiono1 < 0)
    {
        printk("of_get_named_gpio led1 failed\n");
        ret = ENOENT;
        goto OUT5;
    }
    gpiono2 = of_get_named_gpio(dnode, "led2", 0);
    if (gpiono2 < 0)
    {
        printk("of_get_named_gpio led2 failed\n");
        ret = ENOENT;
        goto OUT5;
    }
    gpiono3 = of_get_named_gpio(dnode, "led3", 0);
    if (gpiono3 < 0)
    {
        printk("of_get_named_gpio led3 failed\n");
        ret = ENOENT;
        goto OUT5;
    }

    // gpio_request用于请求并配置特定的 GPIO 引脚，以便在设备驱动程序中对其进行控制和操作
    ret = gpio_request(gpiono1, NULL);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        printk("gpio_request gpiono1 failed\n");
        ret = EPERM;
        goto OUT5;
    }
    ret = gpio_request(gpiono2, NULL);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        printk("gpio_request gpiono2 failed\n");
        ret = EPERM;
        goto OUT5;
    }
    ret = gpio_request(gpiono3, NULL);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        printk("gpio_request gpiono3 failed\n");
        ret = EPERM;
        goto OUT5;
    }
    printk("已申请到GPIO使用权\n");

    // 设置GPIO管脚为输出
    gpio_direction_output(gpiono1, 0);
    gpio_direction_output(gpiono2, 0);
    gpio_direction_output(gpiono3, 0);

    return 0;
OUT5:
    // 释放提交成功的设备节点信息
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, i));
    }
    // 销毁目录
    class_destroy(cls);
OUT4:
    cdev_del(cdev);
OUT3:
    unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 3);
OUT2:
    kfree(cdev);
OUT1:
    return -ret;
}

static void __exit mycdev_exit(void)
{
    // 1.销毁设备节点

    device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 0));

    class_destroy(cls);
    // 2.注销字符设备驱动
    cdev_del(cdev);
    // 3.释放设备号
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), count);
    // 4.释放动态申请的空间
    kfree(cdev);

    // 用于释放之前通过 gpio_request 函数请求的 GPIO 引脚
    gpio_free(gpiono1);
    gpio_free(gpiono2);
    gpio_free(gpiono3);
}
module_init(mycdev_init);
module_exit(mycdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#define LED_ON _IOW('l', 1, int)  // 开灯
#define LED_OFF _IOW('l', 0, int) // 关灯

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char buf[128] = {0};
    int which, n;
    int fd = open("/dev/mycdev", O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("打开设备文件失败\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // 程序退出，返回值非0表示失败
    }

    while (1)
    {
        printf("请选择:1(开灯) 0(关灯)--->");
        scanf("%d", &n);
        if (1 == n)
        {
            printf("请选择:1(led1) 2(led2) 3(led3)--->");
            scanf("%d", &which);
            ioctl(fd, LED_ON, &which);
        }
        else if (0 == n)
        {
            printf("请选择:1(led1) 2(led2) 3(led3)--->");
            scanf("%d", &which);
            ioctl(fd, LED_OFF, &which);
        }
    }
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}