连字符"-"后首字母的大小写

陈光宇  周春莲

                                             （复旦大学《数学年刊》编辑部上海 200433)

连字符"-"(半字线)的用法，在文献[1][2][3]中有较详细的说明。但在一些高校学报和科技期刊中的英文目次、总目次和文后参考文献中的英文刊名、标题、书名的首字母用大写的情况下，当出现连字符"-"时，其后的实词(如名、代、形、数、动、副等词，都为有实义的词，称为实词;如介、冠、连接、感叹等词，都为无实义的词，称为虚词，即非实词。见文献[4，p.12] 的首字母，如"姓名-姓名"、"实词-实词"、"数学符号-实词"、"前缀-实词"等，有的均用大写表示，有的均用小写表示，很不统一。目前国家标准对此没有专门的规定。现查阅了国外的部分科技期刊，并根据自身编辑工作的实践，对连字符"-"后实词的首字母大小写，提出如下的一些意见和例子。

1    "姓名-姓名"或"专有名词-专有名词"  前后首字母均用大写

例:Riesz-Bessel Transformations;

Riemann-Roch Theorem;

Hardy-Lorentz Spaceo

2    "实词-实词"  前后首字母均用大写

例:Intitial-Boundary Value Problem;

Wave-Vector Spaces;

Star-Shaped Domain。

3    "数学符号-实词"  符号的大小写按有关规定，实词首字母用大写

例:α-Fuzzy，  α-Zero;

LP-Space;

C*-Algebra;

γ-Mixing Sequences;

τ-Topologyo

4    "数字-实词"  英文数字首字母与实词首字母用大写

例: 2-Dimentional Spaces; Two-Dimentional Spaces

4-Manifolds; Four-Manifolds;

3-Spheres; Three-Spheres

5    "前缀-专有名字"  首字母均用大写

例: Co-Artinian Ring

Pre-Hilbert Space;

Hyper-Lie Algebra。

6    "前缀-实词"   首字母用小写，如

例:(1)  Anti(反)-symmmetric; Anti-isomorphism;  Anti-genus;

(2)  Arch(主要的)-enemy; Arch-reactionary;

(3)  Auto(自)-correlation Function;  Auto-morphic Function;

(4)  Bi(双)-linear; Bi-invariant Operator;  Bi-comoduIe;

(5)  By(在旁)-product; By-election;

(6)  Co(上，共，余)-algebraic; Co-axial;  Co-ring;  Co-variation;

(7)  Counter(反)-example; Counter-measure;  Counter-clockwise;

(8)  De(除去，否定)-composition Group;

(9)  Dis(不争否定)-connecting Set;  Dis-continuity;

(10)  En(使成为)-domprphism;  En-Iargement;

(11)  Ex(前)一president;

(12)  Extra(夕卡)-polated Method;  Extra-polation;

(13)  For(前，预)-ward Equation;

Fore(前，预)-Fore-casting Function;

(14)  Hydro(水)-Hydro-electric;

(15) Hyper(超)-algebra; Hyper-plane;  Hyper-function;  Hyper-cone;

(16)  Hypo(次，亚)-function;" Hypo-elliptic;

(17)  In(不，非)-definite; In-complete;

Ir(不，非)-rationa Number;  Ir-regular Point;

(18)  Inter(内，交叉)-iteration; Inter-polation Method;

(19)  Intra(内)-group; Intra…mutation;

(20)  Macro(大，宏)-sphere; Macro-grap;

(21)  Meta(超，偏，亚)-stable; Meta-system;  Meta-harmonic Equation;

(22)  Micro(微，小)-local Analysis;  Micro-hypoelipticity;  Micro-second;

(23)  Mid(中)-point Method;  Mid-value;

(24)  Mini(极小)-cut AIgorthm;  Mini-max Theorem;

(2日 Mis(误)-interpretation;

(26)  Mono(单)-subcategory;

(27)  Multi(多)-analysis; Multi-harmonic Function;

(28)  Neo(新，近)-category; Neo-field;  Neo-computation Element;

(29)  Non(非)-linear; Non-smooth Domain;

(30)  Over(超，上)-determined Equation;  Over-crossing Point;

(31)  Poly(多)-cylinder; Poly一axis;

(32)  Post(过争后)-editor; Post-operator;

(33)  Pre(预先，前，准)-group; Pre-space;  Pre-editor;

(34)  Pro(前)-algebraic Group;  Pro-finite Group;

(35)  Pseudo(伪，假，拟)-conformal Mapping;  Pseudo-differential Equation;

(36)  Quasi(拟，伪)-linear; Quasi-invariant Subspaces;

(37)  Re(重，再)-write; Re-combination;

(38)  Self( 自)-similar Set;  Self-adjoint Operator;

(39)  Semi(半)-linear; Semi-continuity;  Semi-group;

(40)  Sub(子，下，次，亚)-definite; Sub-biharmonic;  Sub-semigroup;

(41)  Super(超，上)-ring; Super-relaxation;  Super-harmonic Function;

(42)  Tele(远)-graph Equation;

(43)  Trans(转移)-finite Function;  Trans-format Problem;

(44)  Tri(三)-angle; Tri-nomial;

(45)  Ultra(超)-convergence; Ultra-hyperbolic Equation;  Ultra-limit;

"的 Uni(单，一)-variate Spline;  Uni-variable Series;

(47)  Un(不誓元，相反)-countable Set;  Un-conditional Convergence;

(48)  Under(在下，次于)-determinant; Under-determined System;

(49)  Vice(副)-Chairman(副主席); Vice-Premier(副总理)。

注:当前缀与名词、动词、形容词或副词构成复合词均连写时，连字符可以取消(当与专

有名词、大写词、数字或缩略词连接时除外)，详见文[3] 。

7    "实词-非实词"  非实词用小写

倒:Editor-in-Chief(主编);Father-in-Law(岳父)。

参考文献

[1]    GB/T 15834-1995标点符号用法

[2]    陈浩元主编.科技书刊标准化18 讲.北京:北京师范大学出版社.1998.

[3]    宋双明.英文论文写作中如何正确使用连字符.中国科技期刊研究, 2004:745-746

[4]    薄冰等编.英语语法手册(修订本).上海:上海商务印书馆.1978.