线程安全问题

线程安全问题

–如有想法或者建议，欢迎指出，感激不尽

简易售票机step:

1、任务：两个售票机同时对100张票进行交替售卖:

public class Ticket {
    private int num;//票号

    public Ticket(int num) {
    this.num = num;
}

/**
 * @return
 * @Param
 * @description 判断是否售卖完毕
 * @date 2019/8/9 15:17
 */
public boolean sellOut() {
    if (num <= 0) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * @return
 * @Param
 * @description 进行售卖票务
 * @date 2019/8/9 15:18
 */
public void sellTickets() {
    if (!sellOut()) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "当前票号为" + num);
        num--;
    }
}
}

2、定义售卖任务：（创建线程，重写run方法）

public class Seller extends Thread {
        private Ticket ticket ;
        public Seller(Ticket ticket){
        this.ticket = ticket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            //执行售卖任务，每一个线程执行每一个售卖票的任务
            ticket.sellTickets();
            try {
                sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

3、测试：

public class SellerTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Ticket ticket = new Ticket(100);
        //进行测试
        Seller seller1 = new Seller(ticket);
        Seller seller2 = new Seller(ticket);
        seller1.start();
        seller2.start();
    }
}

4、结果：

Thread-1当前票号为50
Thread-0当前票号为50
Thread-1当前票号为48
Thread-0当前票号为48
Thread-1当前票号为46
Thread-0当前票号为45
Thread-0当前票号为44
Thread-1当前票号为44
Thread-1当前票号为42
Thread-0当前票号为42
Thread-0当前票号为40
Thread-1当前票号为40
Thread-0当前票号为38
Thread-1当前票号为37
Thread-0当前票号为36
Thread-1当前票号为35
Thread-0当前票号为34
Thread-1当前票号为34
Thread-1当前票号为32
Thread-0当前票号为31
Thread-0当前票号为30
Thread-1当前票号为30
Thread-1当前票号为28
Thread-0当前票号为28
Thread-0当前票号为26
Thread-1当前票号为25
Thread-0当前票号为24
Thread-1当前票号为24
Thread-1当前票号为22
Thread-0当前票号为22
Thread-0当前票号为20
Thread-1当前票号为19
Thread-0当前票号为18
Thread-1当前票号为17
Thread-0当前票号为16
Thread-1当前票号为15
Thread-0当前票号为14
Thread-1当前票号为13
Thread-0当前票号为12
Thread-1当前票号为11
Thread-0当前票号为10
Thread-1当前票号为9
Thread-0当前票号为8
Thread-1当前票号为7
Thread-0当前票号为6
Thread-1当前票号为5
Thread-0当前票号为4
Thread-1当前票号为3
Thread-0当前票号为2
Thread-1当前票号为1

Process finished with exit code 0

此时引入线程非安全的问题：

1号售票机刚进入方法准备售票，2号售票机就进入方法拿到同一张ticket,怕是要打架哦。现实情况不应该也不会出现这样的情况，此时我们可以认为这是一个非线程安全的情况。出现这样的情况主要是因为他们共享同一个变量ticket。

于是引入线程安全的结论：

不管这些线程如何交替执行，主程序不需要做任何的同步。结果都是与现实情况相符，都是正确行为，可以说这个程序是线程安全的。

如何解决线程非安全的情况：

synchronized：

锁方法

public synchronized void sellTickets() {
    if (!sellOut()) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "当前票号为" + num);
        num--;
    }
}

锁对象

public void sellTickets() {
    synchronized (this){
        if (!sellOut()) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "当前票号为" + num);
            num--;
     }
}

结果：

Thread-0当前票号为50
Thread-1当前票号为49
Thread-0当前票号为48
Thread-1当前票号为47
Thread-0当前票号为46
Thread-1当前票号为45
Thread-0当前票号为44
Thread-1当前票号为43
Thread-0当前票号为42
Thread-1当前票号为41
Thread-0当前票号为40
Thread-1当前票号为39
Thread-0当前票号为38
Thread-1当前票号为37
Thread-0当前票号为36
Thread-1当前票号为35
Thread-0当前票号为34
Thread-1当前票号为33
Thread-0当前票号为32
Thread-1当前票号为31
Thread-0当前票号为30
Thread-1当前票号为29
Thread-0当前票号为28
Thread-1当前票号为27
Thread-0当前票号为26
Thread-1当前票号为25
Thread-0当前票号为24
Thread-1当前票号为23
Thread-0当前票号为22
Thread-1当前票号为21
Thread-0当前票号为20
Thread-1当前票号为19
Thread-0当前票号为18
Thread-1当前票号为17
Thread-0当前票号为16
Thread-1当前票号为15
Thread-0当前票号为14
Thread-1当前票号为13
Thread-0当前票号为12
Thread-1当前票号为11
Thread-0当前票号为10
Thread-1当前票号为9
Thread-0当前票号为8
Thread-1当前票号为7
Thread-0当前票号为6
Thread-1当前票号为5
Thread-0当前票号为4
Thread-1当前票号为3
Thread-0当前票号为2
Thread-1当前票号为1

Process finished with exit code 0