Linux中MySQL安装及配置

MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，目前属于Oracle公司。

MySQL所使用的SQL语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。

MySQL由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择MySQL作为网站数据库。

MySQL 安装

本教程的系统平台：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。

一、安装编译工具及库文件

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

二、 安装cmake 编译器

cmake 版本：cmake-3.1.1。

1、下载地址：http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

$ wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

$ tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

$ cd cmake-3.1.1

4、编译安装

$ ./bootstrap
$ make && make install

三、安装 MySQL

MySQL版本：mysql-5.6.15。

1、下载地址： http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

$ cd mysql-5.6.15

4、编译安装

$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ -
DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -
DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -
DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -
DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -
DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -
DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
$ make && make install

5、查看mysql版本:

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql --version

到此，mysql安装结束

MySQL 配置

1、创建mysql运行使用的用户mysql：

$ /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
$ /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

2、创建binlog和库的存储路径并赋予mysql用户权限

$ mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql
$ chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/

3、创建my.cnf配置文件

将/etc/my.cnf替换为下面内容

$ cat /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /www/data_mysql
log-error = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 1024
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 600
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog-do-db=oa_fb
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 10
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
loose-innodb-trx=0 
loose-innodb-locks=0 
loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 
loose-innodb-cmp=0 
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 
loose-innodb-metrics=0 
loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 
loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-config=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 
loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 
loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 
loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0

slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_slow.log
long_query_time = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

4、初始化数据库

$/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysql

显示如下信息：

Installing MySQL system tables...2015-01-26 20:18:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK

Filling help tables...2015-01-26 20:18:57 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
...

5、创建开机启动脚本

$ cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/
$ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 
$ chkconfig --add mysqld 
$ chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on

6、启动mysql服务器

$ service mysqld start

7、连接 MySQL

$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

修改MySQL用户密码

mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码

或进入mysql命令行

SET PASSWORD FOR '用户名'@'主机' = PASSWORD(‘密码');

创建新用户并授权:

grant all privileges on *.* to 用户名@'%' identified by '密码' with grant option;

其他命令

启动：service mysqld start
停止：service mysqld stop
重启：service mysqld restart
重载配置：service mysqld reload

启动MySQL服务器程序，确认状态

1、启动MySQL服务程序

启动服务并查看状态：

[root@dbsvr1 pub]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL...                                     [确定]
[root@dbsvr1 pub]# service mysql status
MySQL running (31724)                                 [确定]

服务器进程为mysqld，监听的默认端口为TCP 3306：

[root@dbsvr1 pub]# netstat -anpt | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 :::3306        :::*       LISTEN      31724/mysqld

2、查看MySQL服务器进程、运行用户

提供连接服务的进程为mysqld，由其父进程mysqld_safe启动。

[root@dbsvr1 pub]# ps -elf | grep mysqld

4 S root     31619     1  0  80   0 -  2834 wait   15:14 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid file=/var/lib/mysql/dbsvr1.tarena.com.pid

4 S mysql    31724 31619  0  80   0 - 252496 poll_s 15:14 pts/0   00:00:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/dbsvr1.tarena.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/dbsvr1.tarena.com.pid

数据库的默认存放位置为 /var/lib/mysql：

[root@dbsvr1 pub]# ls /var/lib/mysql/
auto.cnf               ibdata1      mysql               RPM_UPGRADE_HISTORY
dbsvr1.tarena.com.err  ib_logfile0  mysql.sock          RPM_UPGRADE_MARKER-LAST
dbsvr1.tarena.com.pid  ib_logfile1  performance_schema  test