前言
本节主要对字典进行介绍。字典,类似于Java中的Map,也是无序的
构造
两种构造方式
chen = {}
type(chen)
dict
chen = dict()
type(chen)
dict
chen
{}
操作
赋值
chen['first'] = "123"
chen
{'first': '123'}
chen['second'] = "456"
chen
{'first': '123', 'second': '456'}
chen = {"first":234,"second":345,"third":456,"fourth":567}
chen
{'first': 234, 'second': 345, 'third': 456, 'fourth': 567}
chen = dict([("chen",123),("mo",456)])
chen
{'chen': 123, 'mo': 456}
根据键取值
chen["second"]
345
chen.get("second")
'3451'
get方法可以定义无键时的默认返回值
chen.get("haha","无此值!")
'无此值!'
chen["second"] = 789
chen
{'first': 234, 'second': 789, 'third': 456, 'fourth': 567}
字典嵌套字典
chen = {}
d1 = {"chen":123,"mo":456}
d2 = {"chen2":234,"mo2":567}
chen["no1"] = d1
chen["no2"] = d2
chen
{'no1': {'chen': 123, 'mo': 456}, 'no2': {'chen2': 234, 'mo2': 567}}
某一个键值+1的操作,数值型直接加1,字符串类型只能加字符串类型并且是后面拼接
chen = {"first":234,"second":"345","third":456,"fourth":567}
chen["first"] += 1
chen["second"] += "1"
chen
{'first': 235, 'second': '3451', 'third': 456, 'fourth': 567}
chen.pop("first")
235
chen
{'second': '3451', 'third': 456, 'fourth': 567}
del chen["second"]
chen
{'first': 235, 'third': 456, 'fourth': 567}
update可以修改指定元素并增加没有的元素
chen = {"chen":123,"mo":456}
chen2 = {"chen":789,"hello":666}
chen.update(chen2)
chen
{'chen': 789, 'mo': 456, 'hello': 666}
判断是否包含指定键
'chen' in chen
True
打印chen所有的键
chen.keys()
dict_keys(['chen', 'mo', 'hello'])
打印chen所有的值
chen.values()
dict_values([789, 456, 666])
打印chen所有的键和值
chen.items()
dict_items([('chen', 789), ('mo', 456), ('hello', 666)])