delphi RTTI 反射技术

khzide

于 2021-10-10 10:25:31 发布

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分类专栏： delphi 数据库设计文章标签： delphi

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/khzide/article/details/120683316

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这篇博客详细介绍了如何在Delphi 2010中使用运行时类型信息(RTTI)来访问和操作对象的属性、方法和事件。通过示例代码展示了如何获取类的方法列表、属性列表以及如何调用方法和修改属性值。此外，还演示了如何利用RTTI进行类型检查和反射操作。

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unit Unit_main;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls, TypInfo;
type
TForm_main = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
Memo1: TMemo;
Memo2: TMemo;
Button2: TButton;
Button3: TButton;
Button4: TButton;
Button5: TButton;
Button6: TButton;
Button7: TButton;
Button8: TButton;
Button9: TButton;
Button10: TButton;
Button11: TButton;
Button12: TButton;
Button13: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button5Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button6Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button7Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button8Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button9Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button10Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button11Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button12Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button13Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
PTKeyDog = ^TKeyDog;
TKeyDog = record
id: Integer;
projectname: string;
city: string;
letter: string;
hash: string;
code: string;
note: string;
filepath: string;
userid: Integer;
end;
{ 自定义的类 }
TMyClass = class(TComponent)
public
procedure msg(const str: string);
function Add(const a, b: Integer): Integer;
end;
// 编译指令 Methodinfo 是 Delphi 2009 新增的, 只有它打开了, ObjAuto 才可以获取 public 区的信息.
// 这样, ObjAuto 可以获取 TClass3 的 public、published 和默认区域的信息.
{$M+}
{$METHODINFO ON}
TClass3 = class
function Fun3: string;
private
function Fun3Private: string;
protected
function Fun3Protected: string;
public
function Fun3Public: string;
published
function Fun3Published: string;
end;
{$METHODINFO OFF}
{$M-}
var
Form_main: TForm_main;
implementation
uses
Rtti, ObjAuto;
{$R *.dfm}
// 获取对象的 RTTI 属性与事件的函数
function GetPropertyAndEventList(obj: TObject;
pList, eList: TStringList): Boolean;
var
ClassTypeInfo: PTypeInfo; { 类的信息结构指针 }
ClassDataInfo: PTypeData; { 类的数据结构指针 }
propertyList: PPropList; { TPropInfo 是属性的数据结构;
PPropList 是其指针;
TPropList 是属性结构指针的列表数组;
PPropList 是指向这个数组的指针 }
num: Integer; { 记录属性的总数 }
size: Integer; { 记录属性结构的大小 }
i: Integer;
begin
ClassTypeInfo := obj.ClassInfo; { 先获取: 类的信息结构指针 }
ClassDataInfo := GetTypeData(ClassTypeInfo); { 再获取: 类的数据结构指针 }
num := ClassDataInfo.PropCount; { 属性总数 }
size := SizeOf(TPropInfo); { 属性结构大小 }
GetMem(propertyList, size * num); { 给属性数组分配内存 }
GetPropInfos(ClassTypeInfo, propertyList); { 获取属性列表 }
for i := 0 to num - 1 do
begin
if propertyList[i].PropType^.Kind = tkMethod then { 如果是事件; 事件也是属性吗, 给分出来 }
eList.Add(propertyList[i].Name)
else
pList.Add(propertyList[i].Name);
end;
pList.Sort;
eList.Sort; { 排序 }
FreeMem(propertyList); { 释放属性数组的内存 }
Result := True;
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button10Click(Sender: TObject);
var
obj: TMyClass;
t: TRttiType;
m1, m2: TRttiMethod;
r: TValue; // TRttiMethod.Invoke 的返回类型
begin
t := TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TMyClass);
{ 获取 TMyClass 类的两个方法 }
m1 := t.GetMethod('msg'); { procedure }
m2 := t.GetMethod('Add'); { function }
obj := TMyClass.Create(Self); { 调用需要依赖一个已存在的对象 }
{ 调用 msg 过程 }
m1.Invoke(obj, ['Delphi 2010']); { 将弹出信息框 }
{ 调用 Add 函数 }
r := m2.Invoke(obj, [1, 2]); { 其返回值是个 TValue 类型的结构 }
ShowMessage(IntToStr(r.AsInteger)); { 3 }
obj.Free;
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button11Click(Sender: TObject);
var
obj: TMyClass;
t: TRttiType;
p: TRttiProperty;
r: TValue;
begin
obj := TMyClass.Create(Self);
t := TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TMyClass);
p := t.GetProperty('Name'); // 继承自TComponent的name
r := p.GetValue(obj);
ShowMessage(r.AsString); { 原来的 }
p.SetValue(obj, 'NewName');
r := p.GetValue(obj);
ShowMessage(r.AsString); { NewName }
obj.Free;
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button12Click(Sender: TObject);
var
t: TRttiType;
p: TRttiProperty;
r: TValue;
begin
t := TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TButton);
p := t.GetProperty('Align');
p.SetValue(Button1, TValue.FromOrdinal(TypeInfo(TAlign), Ord(alLeft)));
r := p.GetValue(Button1);
ShowMessage(IntToStr(r.AsOrdinal)); { 3 }
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button13Click(Sender: TObject);
var
MiArr: TMethodInfoArray;
Mi: PMethodInfoHeader;
obj: TClass3;
begin
obj := TClass3.Create;
MiArr := GetMethods(obj.ClassType);
Memo1.Clear;
for Mi in MiArr do
Memo1.Lines.Add(string(Mi.Name));
obj.Free;
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
propertyL, EventL: TStringList;
begin
// 属性
propertyL := TStringList.Create;
// 事件
EventL := TStringList.Create;
Memo1.Clear;
Memo2.Clear;
GetPropertyAndEventList(Self, propertyL, EventL); { 调用函数, 第一个参数是对象名 }
Memo1.Lines := propertyL;
Memo2.Lines := EventL;
propertyL.Free;
EventL.Free;
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ctx: TRttiContext;
t: TRttiType;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
for t in ctx.GetTypes do
Memo1.Lines.Add(t.Name);
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ctx: TRttiContext;
t: TRttiType;
m: TRttiMethod;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
t := ctx.GetType(TButton);
// for m in t.GetMethods do Memo1.Lines.Add(m.Name);
for m in t.GetMethods do
Memo1.Lines.Add(m.ToString);
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ctx: TRttiContext;
t: TRttiType;
p: TRttiProperty;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
t := ctx.GetType(TButton);
// for p in t.GetProperties do Memo1.Lines.Add(p.Name);
for p in t.GetProperties do
Memo1.Lines.Add(p.ToString);
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button5Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ctx: TRttiContext;
t: TRttiType;
f: TRttiField;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
t := ctx.GetType(TButton);
// for f in t.GetFields do Memo1.Lines.Add(f.Name);
for f in t.GetFields do
Memo1.Lines.Add(f.ToString);
end;
// http://my.oschina.net/hermer/blog/320075
procedure TForm_main.Button6Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ctx: TRttiContext;
t: TRttiType;
ms: TArray<TRttiMethod>;
ps: TArray<TRttiProperty>;
fs: TArray<TRttiField>;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
t := ctx.GetType(TButton);
ms := t.GetMethods;
ps := t.GetProperties;
fs := t.GetFields;
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%s 类共有 %d 个方法', [t.Name, Length(ms)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%s 类共有 %d 个属性', [t.Name, Length(ps)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%s 类共有 %d 个字段', [t.Name, Length(fs)]));
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button7Click(Sender: TObject);
var
t: TRttiRecordType;
f: TRttiField;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
t := TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TypeInfo(TPoint)).AsRecord;
Memo1.Lines.Add(t.QualifiedName);
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Size: %d', [t.TypeSize]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(EmptyStr);
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('字段数: %d', [Length(t.GetFields)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('方法数: %d', [Length(t.GetMethods)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('属性数: %d', [Length(t.GetProperties)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(EmptyStr);
Memo1.Lines.Add('全部字段:');
for f in t.GetFields do
Memo1.Lines.Add(f.ToString);
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button8Click(Sender: TObject);
var
t: TRttiRecordType;
f: TRttiField;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
t := TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TypeInfo(TKeyDog)).AsRecord;
Memo1.Lines.Add(t.QualifiedName);
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Size: %d', [t.TypeSize]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(EmptyStr);
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('字段数: %d', [Length(t.GetFields)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('方法数: %d', [Length(t.GetMethods)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('属性数: %d', [Length(t.GetProperties)]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(EmptyStr);
Memo1.Lines.Add('全部字段:');
for f in t.GetFields do
Memo1.Lines.Add(f.ToString);
end;
procedure TForm_main.Button9Click(Sender: TObject);
var
t: TRttiOrdinalType;
begin
Memo1.Clear;
// 先从类型名获取类型信息对象
t := TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TypeInfo(Byte)) as TRttiOrdinalType;
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%s - %s', [t.Name, t.QualifiedName]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Size: %d', [t.TypeSize]));
Memo1.Lines.Add('QualifiedName: ' + t.QualifiedName);
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Min,Max: %d , %d', [t.MinValue, t.MaxValue]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(EmptyStr); // 空字串
// 可以用 AsOrdinal 方法代替前面的 as TRttiOrdinalType
t := TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TypeInfo(Word)).AsOrdinal;
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%s: %s', [t.Name, t.QualifiedName]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Size: %d', [t.TypeSize]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Min,Max: %d , %d', [t.MinValue, t.MaxValue]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(EmptyStr);
// 也可以直接强制转换
t := TRttiOrdinalType(TRttiContext.Create.GetType(TypeInfo(Integer)));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%s: %s', [t.Name, t.QualifiedName]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Size: %d', [t.TypeSize]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Min,Max: %d , %d', [t.MinValue, t.MaxValue]));
Memo1.Lines.Add(EmptyStr);
end;
{ TMyClass }
function TMyClass.Add(const a, b: Integer): Integer;
begin
Result := a + b;
end;
procedure TMyClass.msg(const str: string);
begin
MessageDlg(str, mtInformation, [mbYes], 0);
end;
{ TClass3 }
function TClass3.Fun3: string;
begin
Result := 'Fun3';
end;
function TClass3.Fun3Private: string;
begin
Result := 'Fun3Private';
end;
function TClass3.Fun3Protected: string;
begin
Result := 'Fun3Protected';
end;
function TClass3.Fun3Public: string;
begin
Result := 'Fun3Public';
end;
function TClass3.Fun3Published: string;
begin
Result := 'Fun3Published';
end;
end.

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