列表推导式除了最基础的用法外,还可以根据不同的条件进行复杂的处理。
循环筛选
语法: loop if <condition>
# 筛选0-9间的偶数
list = [i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]
print(list)
# [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
# i in [1, 2], j in [0, 2] 如果 i+j 是偶数则筛选出来
list = [(i, j) for i in range(1, 3) for j in range(3) if (i + j) % 2 == 0]
print(list)
# [(1, 1), (2, 0), (2, 2)]
# i in [1, 2], j in [8, 11] 如果 i+j 是偶数 且 j-i 小于 8 则筛选出来
list = [(i, j) for i in range(1, 3) for j in range(8, 12) if (i + j) % 2 == 0 and j - i < 8]
print(list)
# [(2, 8)]
# i in [1, 2], j in [8, 11] 如果 i+j 是偶数 或 i+j 大于 10 则筛选出来
list = [(i, j) for i in range(1, 3) for j in range(8, 12) if (i + j) % 2 == 0 or j + i > 10]
print(list)
# [(1, 9), (1, 10), (1, 11), (2, 8), (2, 9), (2, 10), (2, 11)]
分段函数
每个元素按照多个条件进行处理,类似分段函数的处理。
语法:Do-something if <condition>, else do-something loop.
# 显示阿拉伯数字+罗马数字 表盘
list = ['XII' if i == 0 else 'III' if i == 3 else 'VI' if i == 6 else 'IX' if i == 9 else i for i in range(0, 12)]
print(list)
# ['XII', 1, 2, 'III', 4, 5, 'VI', 7, 8, 'IX', 10, 11]
# i in [1, 5], j in [0, 4], 当i+j是偶数时,两者相加,否则i-j
list = [i + j if (i + j) % 2 else i - j for i in range(1, 6) for j in range(5)]
print(list)
# [1, 0, 3, -2, 5, 2, 3, 0, 5, -2, 3, 2, 5, 0, 7, 4, 5, 2, 7, 0, 5, 4, 7, 2, 9]