完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-20 18:24:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-11-20 18:24:35 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kidult1992/article/details/60468644

版权

章强 + 原创作品转载请注明出处 + 《Linux内核分析》MOOC课程http://mooc.study.163.com/course/USTC-1000029000

实验截图

使用实验楼的虚拟机打开shell ，输入指令
1.cd LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4
2.qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
然后cd mykernel 可以看到qemu窗口输出的内容的代码mymain.c和myinterrupt.c

mymain.c：内核从这里启动，从这个函数开始运行并无限循环

void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%100000 == 0)
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "my_start_kernel here  %d \n",i);

    }
}

myinterrupt.c：由内核周期性调用，从而产生一个周期性的中断机制

void my_timer_handler(void)
{
    printk(KERN_NOTICE "\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>my_timer_handler here<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<\n\n");
}

然后修改内核代码，使之成为一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核，然后重新编译运行，从https://github.com/mengning/mykernel下载代码替换mykernel中的mymain.c和myinterrupt.c，mypuc.h也放在该文件夹下。接下来在shell中将工作目录退回到home/shiyanlou/LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4/ 然后执行make，重新编译

这里写图片描述

然后再次输入：qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage 启动内核执行结果如下
这里写图片描述
从上图中可以看到进程的切换过程：在0号进程运行过程中，先是my_timer_handler()被执行，然后执行myschedule(），myschedule()在运行过程中输出switch 0（被切换出去的进程号） to 1（切换到的进程号）。然后就跳到新的进程1继续执行。

代码分析

mypcb.h

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
 *
 *  Kernel internal PCB types
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4   //最大进程数
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*2 # unsigned long
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long       ip;//进程的eip
    unsigned long       sp;//进程的esp
};

typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;//进程id
    volatile long state;    /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */ //进程的状态
    unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];//进程的栈
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct Thread thread;//每个进程只有一个线程
    unsigned long   task_entry;//进程起始入口地址
    struct PCB *next;//指向下一个进程的指针
}tPCB;

void my_schedule(void);

mymain.c

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mymain.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_start_kernel
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>


#include "mypcb.h"

tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;

void my_process(void);


void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;//0号进程的入口地址为my_process()
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];//0号进程的栈顶为stack[]数组的最后一个元素
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];//next指针指向自己
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)//产生几个编号不同的进程
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    *(task[i].thread.sp - 1) = task[i].thread.sp;
    task[i].thread.sp -= 1;
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;新建的进程next指针指向0号进程首地址
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];//前一个进程的next指向新创建的进程首地址，形成一个循环链表
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];//当前运行的进程设置为0号进程
    asm volatile(
        "movl %1,%%esp\n\t"     /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
        "pushl %1\n\t"          /* push ebp */
        "pushl %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
        "ret\n\t"               /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
        "popl %%ebp\n\t"
        : 
        : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
    );
}   
void my_process(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
                my_schedule();
            }
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }     
    }
}

myinterrupt.c

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_timer_handler
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
#endif
    return;     
}

void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {        
        my_current_task = next; 
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);  
        /* switch to next process */
        asm volatile(   
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp 保存当前进程的ebp*/
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp 保存当前进程的esp*/
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp 由next->thread.sp存入下一个进程的esp*/
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip 下一个进程的eip设置为1f，$1f指标号1：的代码在内存中的地址*/  
            "pushl %3\n\t"      /* 将next->thread.ip压入当前进程的栈*/
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip 弹出上一进程的eip进行进程切换*/
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here 即$1f指向的地址*/
            "popl %%ebp\n\t"  /* ebp出栈*/
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        ); 
    }  
    return; 
}