Android事件分发机制是Android开发者必须了解的基础，也是面试的常客，今天来就这源码走一下事件分发流程。
事件的基础
MotionEvent 有三个关键的事件，其他事件用的较少：
MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN：手指按下事件
MotionEvent.ACTION_UP：手指弹起事件
MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE：手指移动事件
二进制位运算(后面标志位运算)
按位与（&）
位运算实质是将参与运算的数字转换为二进制，而后逐位对应进行运算。
按位与运算为：两位全为1，结果为1，即1&1=1，1&0=0，0&1=0，0&0=0。
例如51 & 5 -> 00110011 & 00000101 = 00000001 -> 51 & 5 = 1
特殊用法：
（1）与0相与可清零。
（2）与1相与可保留原值，可从一个数中取某些位。例如需要取10101110中的低四位，10101110 & 00001111 = 00001110，即得到所需结果。
按位或（|）
两位只要有一位为1，结果则为1，即1|1=1，1|0=1，0|1=1，0|0=0。
特殊用法：
（1）与0相或可保留原值。
（2）与1相或可将对应位置1。例如，将X=10100000的低四位置1，使X | 00001111 = 10101111即可。
异或运算（^）
两位为“异”，即一位为1一位为0，则结果为1，否则为0。即1^1=1，1^0=0，0^1=0，0^0=1。
特殊用法：
使指定位翻转：找一个数，对应X要翻转的各位为1，其余为0，使其与X进行异或运算即可。例如，X=10101110，使低四位翻转，X ^ 00001111 = 10100001。
与0相异或保留原值。例如X ^ 00000000 = 10101110。
交换两变量的值。（比借助容器法、加减法效率高）原理：一个数对同一个数连续两次进行异或运算，结果与这个数相等。
因此，交换方法为：A = A ^ B，B = A ^ B，A = A ^ B。
取反（~）
将一个数按位取反，即~ 0 = 1，~ 1 = 0。
ViewGroup的相关事件有三个：onInterceptTouchEvent、dispatchTouchEvent、onTouchEvent。View的相关事件只有两个：dispatchTouchEvent、onTouchEvent。
onInterceptTouchEvent 事件拦截，如果返回true，拦截事件，事件将不会在向下传递
dispatchTouchEvent 事件分发，向上或者下子控件分发
onTouchEvent 处理事件
Android事件传递流程：
事件都是从Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()开始传递
事件由父View传递给子View，ViewGroup可以通过onInterceptTouchEvent()方法对事件拦截，停止其向子view传递
如果事件从上往下传递过程中一直没有被停止，且最底层子View没有消费事件，事件会反向往上传递，这时父View(ViewGroup)可以进行消费，如果还是没有被消费的话，最后会到Activity的onTouchEvent()函数。
如果View没有对ACTION_DOWN进行消费，之后的其他事件不会传递过来，也就是说ACTION_DOWN必须返回true，之后的事件才会传递进来,因为mFirstTouchTarget这个是在ACTION_DOWN返回true的时候，才会被赋值，也就是找到消费事件的view，具体流程，下面将会揭晓。
看看这个网上借的流程图
事件分发的大致伪代码：
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
boolean result = false; // 默认状态为没有消费过
if (!onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) { // 如果没有拦截交给子View
result = child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
}
if (!result) { // 如果事件没有被消费,询问自身onTouchEvent
result = onTouchEvent(ev);
}
return result;
}来一段系统的源码ViewGroup中的dispatchTouchEvent：
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
}
// If the event targets the accessibility focused view and this is it, start
// normal event dispatch. Maybe a descendant is what will handle the click.
if (ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus() && isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
boolean handled = false;
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
final int action = ev.getAction();
final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
// Handle an initial down.
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
// The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
// due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState();
}
// Check for interception.
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (!disallowIntercept) {
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} else {
// There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
// so this view group continues to intercept touches.
intercepted = true;
}
// If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
// a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
// Check for cancelation.
final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;
// Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
// If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
// view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
// we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
// We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
// state since these events are very rare.
View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
: TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
// Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
// have become out of sync.
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
// Find a child that can receive the event.
// Scan children from front to back.
final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex( childrenCount, i, customOrder);
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
preorderedList, children, childIndex);
// If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
// to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
// normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
// safer given the timeframe.
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
i = childrenCount - 1;
}
if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child) || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
continue;
}
newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
if (newTouchTarget != null) {
// Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
// Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
// Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
if (preorderedList != null) {
// childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
break;
}
}
} else {
mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
}
mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
break;
}
// The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
// the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
}
if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
// Did not find a child to receive the event.
// Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
}
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
}
}
}
// Dispatch to touch targets.
if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
// No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
} else {
// Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
// dispatched to it. Cancel touch targets if necessary.
TouchTarget predecessor = null;
TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (target != null) {
final TouchTarget next = target.next;
if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
handled = true;
} else {
final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
|| intercepted;
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
handled = true;
}
if (cancelChild) {
if (predecessor == null) {
mFirstTouchTarget = next;
} else {
predecessor.next = next;
}
target.recycle();
target = next;
continue;
}
}
predecessor = target;
target = next;
}
}
// Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
if (canceled
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
resetTouchState();
} else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
}
}
if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
}
return handled;
}说到这里我们还需要了解一下另一个方法
@Override
public void requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(boolean disallowIntercept) {
if (disallowIntercept == ((mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0)) {
// We're already in this state, assume our ancestors are too
return;
}
if (disallowIntercept) {
mGroupFlags |= FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
} else {
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
}
// Pass it up to our parent
if (mParent != null) {
mParent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(disallowIntercept);
}
}有过经验的开发者肯定见过这个方法，这个方法就是子控件申请父控件是否拦截，以应对后续业务的处理。这个方法就是改变一个标志位mGroupFlags，这个在父控件中可以控制是否对事件进行拦截，具体怎么拦截，马上揭晓。
好，回到源码
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState();
}
private void resetTouchState() {
clearTouchTargets();
resetCancelNextUpFlag(this);
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
mNestedScrollAxes = SCROLL_AXIS_NONE;
}
看这里，事件一开始就对mGroupFlags 标志位进行了处理，刚刚已经说了，它可以直接控制是否拦截。
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (!disallowIntercept) {
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} 这里就可以看到如何控制的事件拦截，在用户没有调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent（），对mGroupFlags这个标志位进行改变的时候， (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0是不成立的，为false，这个时候就会去调用onInterceptTouchEvent（），是否拦截，默认是不拦截的。如果拦截了，那么事件就不会向子控件传递，而是自己的TouchEvent消费。
final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
// Find a child that can receive the event.
// Scan children from front to back.
final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex( childrenCount, i, customOrder);
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
preorderedList, children, childIndex);
｝
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
｝这里开始遍历所有的子控件，canViewReceivePointerEvents(child) 和 !isTransformedTouchPointInView就是判断依据，可以接受事件，还有当前事件必须在该控件上。dispatchTransformedTouchEvent 这个就是将事件交给子控件进行处理，如果事件被处理返回true，并在addTouchTarget()方法里面对mFirstTouchTarget进行赋值，这个就是保存处理事件的子视图。
if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
//没有触摸target,则由当前ViewGroup来处理
handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
}如果mFirstTouchTarget没有值，没有消耗事件，那么事件就交给自己处理。
// Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
// dispatched to it. Cancel touch targets if necessary.
TouchTarget predecessor = null;
TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (target != null) {
final TouchTarget next = target.next;
if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
handled = true;
} else {
final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
|| intercepted;
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
handled = true;
}
if (cancelChild) {
if (predecessor == null) {
mFirstTouchTarget = next;
} else {
predecessor.next = next;
}
target.recycle();
target = next;
continue;
}
}
predecessor = target;
target = next;
}如果View消费ACTION_DOWN事件，那么MOVE,UP等事件相继开始执行。
来一个小小的总结
1)Android事件分发是先传递到ViewGroup，再由ViewGroup传递到View的。
2 )在ViewGroup中可以通过onInterceptTouchEvent方法对事件传递进行拦截，onInterceptTouchEvent方法返回true代表不允许事件继续向子View传递，返回false代表不对事件进行拦截，默认返回false。
3 )子View中如果将传递的事件消费掉，ViewGroup中将无法接收到任何事件。
参考文章
http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/9097463
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