责任链模式
一、概述
- 将能够处理同一类请求的对象连成一条链,所提交的请求沿着链传递,链上的对象逐个判断是否有能力处理该请求,如果能 则处理,如果不能则传递给链上的下一个对象。
- 应用场景
- 公司里面,报销个单据需要经过流程:申请人填单申请,申请给经理-> 小于1000,经理审查->超过1000,交给总经理审批->总经理审批通过
- 公司里面,请假条的审批过程: 如果请假天数小于3天,主任审批-> 如果请假天数大于等于3天,小于10天,经理审批->如果大于等于10天,小于30天,总经理审批 ->如果大于等于30天,提示拒绝
- 添加新的处理对象
由于责任链的创建完全在客户端,因此新增新的具体处理者对原有类 库没有任何影响,只需添加新的类,然后在客户端调用时添加即可。 符合开闭原则。
二、代码模拟请假流程
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定义领导的抽象类
public abstract class Leader { protected String name; protected Leader nextLeader; //责任链上的后继对象 public Leader(String name) { super(); this.name = name; } //设定责任链上的后继对象 public void setNextLeader(Leader nextLeader) { this.nextLeader = nextLeader; } /** * 处理请求的核心的业务方法 * @param request */ public abstract void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request); }
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定义主任类
public class Director extends Leader { public Director(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) { if(request.getLeaveDays()<3){ System.out.println("员工:"+request.getEmpName()+"请假,天数:"+request.getLeaveDays()+",理由:"+request.getReason()); System.out.println("主任:"+this.name+",审批通过!"); }else{ if(this.nextLeader!=null){ this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request); } } } }
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定义经理类
public class Manager extends Leader { public Manager(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) { if(request.getLeaveDays()<10){ System.out.println("员工:"+request.getEmpName()+"请假,天数:"+request.getLeaveDays()+",理由:"+request.getReason()); System.out.println("经理:"+this.name+",审批通过!"); }else{ if(this.nextLeader!=null){ this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request); } } } }
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定义总经理类
public class GeneralManager extends Leader { public GeneralManager(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) { if(request.getLeaveDays()<30){ System.out.println("员工:"+request.getEmpName()+"请假,天数:"+request.getLeaveDays()+",理由:"+request.getReason()); System.out.println("总经理:"+this.name+",审批通过!"); }else{ System.out.println("莫非"+request.getEmpName()+"想辞职,居然请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天!"); } } }
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定义请假的基本信息
public class LeaveRequest { private String empName; private int leaveDays; private String reason; public LeaveRequest(String empName, int leaveDays, String reason) { super(); this.empName = empName; this.leaveDays = leaveDays; this.reason = reason; } public String getEmpName() { return empName; } public void setEmpName(String empName) { this.empName = empName; } public int getLeaveDays() { return leaveDays; } public void setLeaveDays(int leaveDays) { this.leaveDays = leaveDays; } public String getReason() { return reason; } public void setReason(String reason) { this.reason = reason; } }
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定义测试类,测试员工请假
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { //在这里定义链的关系 Leader a = new Director("张三"); Leader b = new Manager("李四"); Leader c = new GeneralManager("王五"); //组织责任链对象的关系 a.setNextLeader(b); b.setNextLeader(c); //开始请假操作 LeaveRequest req1 = new LeaveRequest("TOM", 15, "回英国老家探亲!"); a.handleRequest(req1); }