Java对象的XML序列化和反序列化 - (1)

XML是一种标准的数据交换规范，可以方便地用于在应用之间交换各类数据。如果能在Java对象和XML文档之间建立某种映射，例如Java对象的XML序列化和反序列化，那么就可以使Java的对象方便地与其他应用进行交换。

java.beans包里面有两个类XMLEncoder和Decoder，分别用于将符合JabaBeans规范的Java对象以XML方式序列化和反序列化。以下代码显示了如何使用这两个类实现Java对象的XML编码和解码。

待序列化的Java类：

import java.io.Serializable;

public class SerialableObject implements Serializable
{
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 8745578444312339136L;

   public SerialableObject()
   {
   }

   public SerialableObject(int id, String name, double value)
   {
      this.id = id;
      this.name = name;
      this.value = value;
   }

   public int getId()
   {
      return id;
   }

   public void setId(int id)
   {
      this.id = id;
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public void setName(String name)
   {
      this.name = name;
   }

   public double getValue()
   {
      return value;
   }

   public void setValue(double value)
   {
      this.value = value;
   }

   private int id;
   private String name;
   private double value;

}

XML序列化和反序列化用法演示类：

import java.beans.XMLDecoder;
import java.beans.XMLEncoder;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;

public class XmlSerialize
{
   public XmlSerialize()
   {
   }

   public void serializeSingleObject(OutputStream os, Object obj)       // 序列化单个java对象
   {
      // XMLEncoder xe = new XMLEncoder(os);
      XMLEncoder xe = new XMLEncoder(os, "GBK", true, 0);     // 仅用于Java SE 7
      xe.writeObject(obj);    // 序列化成XML字符串
      xe.close();
   }

   public Object deserializeSingleObject(InputStream is)       // 反序列化单个Java对象
   {
      XMLDecoder xd = new XMLDecoder(is);
      Object obj = xd.readObject();       // 从XML序列中解码为Java对象
      xd.close();
      return obj;
   }

   public void serializeMultipleObject(OutputStream os, List<Object> objs)       // 序列化多个Java对象
   {
      XMLEncoder xe = new XMLEncoder(os);
      xe.writeObject(objs);    // 序列化成XML字符串
      xe.close();
   }

   public List<Object> deserializeMultipleObject(InputStream is)        // 反序列化多个Java对象
   {
      XMLDecoder xd = new XMLDecoder(is);
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      List<Object> objs = (List<Object>)xd.readObject();       // 从XML序列中解码为Java对象列表
      xd.close();
      return objs;
   }

   public void runSingleObject()
   {
      File xmlFile = new File("object.xml");

      SerialableObject jo4Out = new SerialableObject(1, "Java序列化为XML", 3.14159265359);     // 创建待序列化的对象
      try
      {
         FileOutputStream ofs = new FileOutputStream(xmlFile);       // 创建文件输出流对象
         serializeSingleObject(ofs, jo4Out);
         ofs.close();
      } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (IOException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }

      try
      {
         FileInputStream ifs = new FileInputStream(xmlFile);
         SerialableObject jo4In = (SerialableObject)deserializeSingleObject(ifs);
         System.out.println("id: " + jo4In.getId());
         System.out.println("name: " + jo4In.getName());
         System.out.println("value: " + jo4In.getValue());
      } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }

   public void runMultipleObject()
   {
      File xmlFile = new File("objects.xml");

      List<SerialableObject> sos4Out = new Vector<SerialableObject>();
      sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(1, "Java序列化为XML - 1", 3.14));     // 创建待序列化的对象
      sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(2, "Java序列化为XML - 2", 3.14159));     // 创建待序列化的对象
      sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(3, "Java序列化为XML - 3", 3.1415926));     // 创建待序列化的对象
      sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(4, "Java序列化为XML - 4", 3.141592653));     // 创建待序列化的对象
      sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(5, "Java序列化为XML - 5", 3.14159265359));     // 创建待序列化的对象

      try
      {
         FileOutputStream ofs = new FileOutputStream(xmlFile);       // 创建文件输出流对象
         serializeSingleObject(ofs, sos4Out);
         ofs.close();
      } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (IOException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }

      try
      {
         FileInputStream ifs = new FileInputStream(xmlFile);
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         List<SerialableObject> sos4In = (List<SerialableObject>)deserializeSingleObject(ifs);
         for(SerialableObject jo4In : sos4In)
         {
            System.out.println("id: " + jo4In.getId());
            System.out.println("name: " + jo4In.getName());
            System.out.println("value: " + jo4In.getValue());
         }
      } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      XmlSerialize xs = new XmlSerialize();
      xs.runSingleObject();
      xs.runMultipleObject();
   }

}

需要注意的是，待序列化的类必须要符合JavaBeans的格式规范，即：具有一个无参的public构造函数，所有数据成员的访问均采用getter/setter模式，此外，这个类必须是public的，并且实现了java.io.Serializable接口。

程序运行之后，会产生两个文件：

object.xml是runSingleObject方法生成的，存放了单个的SerialableObject的值：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<java version="1.7.0" class="java.beans.XMLDecoder">
 <object class="SerialableObject">
  <void property="id">
   <int>1</int>
  </void>
  <void property="name">
   <string>Java序列化为XML</string>
  </void>
  <void property="value">
   <double>3.14159265359</double>
  </void>
 </object>
</java> 

objects.xml是runMultipleObject方法产生的，存放了5个SerializableObject的值：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<java version="1.7.0" class="java.beans.XMLDecoder">
 <object class="java.util.Vector">
  <void method="add">
   <object class="SerialableObject">
    <void property="id">
     <int>1</int>
    </void>
    <void property="name">
     <string>Java序列化为XML - 1</string>
    </void>
    <void property="value">
     <double>3.14</double>
    </void>
   </object>
  </void>
  <void method="add">
   <object class="SerialableObject">
    <void property="id">
     <int>2</int>
    </void>
    <void property="name">
     <string>Java序列化为XML - 2</string>
    </void>
    <void property="value">
     <double>3.14159</double>
    </void>
   </object>
  </void>
  <void method="add">
   <object class="SerialableObject">
    <void property="id">
     <int>3</int>
    </void>
    <void property="name">
     <string>Java序列化为XML - 3</string>
    </void>
    <void property="value">
     <double>3.1415926</double>
    </void>
   </object>
  </void>
  <void method="add">
   <object class="SerialableObject">
    <void property="id">
     <int>4</int>
    </void>
    <void property="name">
     <string>Java序列化为XML - 4</string>
    </void>
    <void property="value">
     <double>3.141592653</double>
    </void>
   </object>
  </void>
  <void method="add">
   <object class="SerialableObject">
    <void property="id">
     <int>5</int>
    </void>
    <void property="name">
     <string>Java序列化为XML - 5</string>
    </void>
    <void property="value">
     <double>3.14159265359</double>
    </void>
   </object>
  </void>
 </object>
</java>