Integer的计算比较

请判断如下题目的输出结果

 

public class IntegerTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Integer a=100, b = 100, c=500, d=500;
		System.out.println(a == b);
		System.out.println(c == d);
	}
}

你可能会认为要么全为true，要么全为false；也可能你确实对这些东西了解过了，认为第一个为true，第二个为false。但是你清楚为什么吗？其实全不对，这个题目的结果是不确定的。

 

 

1.首先我们先来了解一下Integer与int的关系

 

 1.1java中四类八种基本数据类型，以及封装类型

数值型：byteshort int long

字符型：char

浮点型：floatdouble

布尔型：boolean

 

基本数据类型	byte(字节型)	short（短整型）)	int（整型）	long(长整型)	float(浮点型)	double(双精度)	char(字符型)	boolean(布尔型)
占用字节	1	2	4	8	4	8	2	系统没有提供size方法
默认值	0	0	0	0.0l	0.0f	0.0	/u0000（空格）	false
封装器类	Byte	Short	Integer	Long	Float	Double	Character	Boolean

 

  1.2 区分基本类型与封装类型的好处

 

 网上有很多说明，这里就不再赘述了

 

2.数值比较为什么不确定？

 

2.1 赋值f1 = 100时，java内部发生了什么

 

/**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;// vm配置最大值不能小于127
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    } assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;// vm配置最大值不能小于127
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

 

 

/**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size> option.   通过该参数调整最大值high
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low));
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size> option.   通过该参数调整最大值high
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low));
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

     从上面可以了解到，树智的比较与IntegerCache的low与high相关，而low为默认值-128，high默认为127；所以有一个说法当integer 取值范围-128至127之间时由于是通过 cache[]中获取所以比较值应该为true；

 

    但是文章内部也会看到 最大值其实是可以变化的，通过如下信息获得，也就是与vm配置相关，但同时这个配置值不能小于127

<span style="color:#ff0000">-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size></span>

java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high

 

3.总结

   Integer -128至127之间的数值比较结果：true

                 小于-128之间的树智比较结果：false

                  大于127之间的树智比较结果：不确定，与虚拟机配置参数有关

 

4.趣味思考

  思考一个问题： Integer a = 200; int b = 200; a==b?

  结果:相等，考虑下为什么？