QML学习之QML与C++交互（一）

利用全局对象 上下文对象访问C++的数据(rootContext(),setContextProperty())

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
#if QT_VERSION < QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 0, 0)
    QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);
#endif
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    //全局对象，能够被QML端访问到这个属性
    QQmlContext* context = engine.rootContext();
    //SCREEN_WIDTH这个属性就能够被SCREEN_WIDTH获取到了
    context->setContextProperty("SCREEN_WIDTH",2000);

    const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));
    QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,
                     &app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {
        if (!obj && url == objUrl)
            QCoreApplication::exit(-1);
    }, Qt::QueuedConnection);
    engine.load(url);

    return app.exec();
}

C++端获取不同电脑显示器屏幕的宽，设置为全局对象能够被QML访问到。

//main.cpp
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
#include <QScreen>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);

    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    //全局对象  上下文对象
    QQmlContext* context = engine.rootContext();
    QScreen *screen = QGuiApplication::primaryScreen();
    QRect rect = screen->virtualGeometry();
    //QML端可以通过SCREEN_WIDTH获取C++端的数据rect.width()的值
    context->setContextProperty("SCREEN_WIDTH",rect.width());

    const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));
    QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,
                     &app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {
        if (!obj && url == objUrl)
            QCoreApplication::exit(-1);
    }, Qt::QueuedConnection);
    engine.load(url);

    return app.exec();
}

import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Window 2.2

Window {
    visible: true
    width: SCREEN_WIDTH
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello World")
}

利用engine.rootContext()创建上下文对象，setContextProperty设置Qml获取到的C++端的值

QML组件怎么私有化组件的属性不让外部调用？（QtObject）

mian.qml
import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Window 2.2

Window {
    visible: true
    width: SCREEN_WIDTH    //此时就可以调用C++端的这个属性，设置宽度
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello World")

//    QtObject{

//    }

    MyRectangle{
        Component.onCompleted: {
            //别名访问这个变量
            attr.testValue = 200
            console.log(attr.testValue)
        }
    }
}

MyRectangle.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Controls 2.5

Rectangle{
    //property int testValue: 0
    width: 200
    height: 100
    color: "black"
    property alias attr: attributes //设置别名访问这个变量
    QtObject {
        id: attributes
        //私有化这个属性
        property int testValue: 0
    }

    Component.onCompleted: {
        //通过id访问这个变量
        console.log(attributes.testValue)
    }
}