python调用pip模块，使用pip_install脚本，在IDE中运行自动记录安装包到requirements文件的代码示例

一个安装包会带出一片依赖，不建议一起捕获，因为有的包会按照平台给依赖，比如有的包在windows系统下会下载win32的包，有这个包的项目在linux上会报错。这也是使用pip list --format=freeze会出现的问题，它会列出当前操作系统，当前python环境的所有包。

示例1：使用Popen

import datetime  
import subprocess  
import pip, sys  
from pathlib import Path  
from typing import List  
from io import StringIO, TextIOBase  
from pyparsing import Word, nums,  Literal, Combine

def write_requirement(installed: str):  
    requirement_path = Path.cwd() / "requirements.txt"  
  
    if not requirement_path.exists():  
        with open(str(requirement_path), 'w') as f:  
            pass  
  
    with open(str(requirement_path), "a+") as f:  
        f.writelines(installed)  

def parse_install_info(stdout_str: str, package_name: str):  
    dash = Literal("-")  
    version = Combine(Word(nums) + ("." + Word(nums)) * (1，2))  
    package_expr = Combine(Literal(package_name) + dash + version)  
    res = package_expr.searchString(stdout_str)  
    if len(res) == 0:  
        return ""  
    return res[0][0]  
    
def run(package_name: str):  
    cmd_install = [sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", package_name]  
    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd_install,  
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,  
                         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)  
  
    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()  
  
    if isinstance(stdout, bytes):  
        stdout = stdout.decode('utf-8')  
  
    installed = parse_install_info(stdout, package_name)  
  
    if not installed:  
        print("nothing write")  
        return  
  
    package_name_end_index = installed.index(package_name) + len(package_name)
    
    to_write = installed[0 : package_name_end_index] + "==" + installed[ package_name_end_index + 1:]  
    write_requirement(to_write)  
  
if __name__ == "__main__":  
    run(package_name)

示例2：使用pip._internal模块的内置代码，不过这种不安全，不知道后期pip模块会不会有所修改，不让调用

# 写法1
def install(package):  
    buffer = StringIO()  
    sys.stdout = buffer  
    sys.stderr = sys.stdout  
  
    if hasattr(pip, 'main'):  
        pip.main(['install', package])  
    else:  
        pip._internal.main(['install', package])  
    output = buffer.getvalue()  
  
    parse_install_info(output)  
    # 还原标准输出  
    sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__  
    sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__  
    print("recover stdout, get content from buffer")  
    print(output)

	# 略： 和示例一后期处理一样
  

# 写法2，只是将TextIOBase封装成class，另外一种风格而已
class CustomWriter(TextIOBase):  
    def __init__(self):  
        self.content = ""  
    def write(self, text):  
        self.content += text


def install2(package):  
    # 创建一个自定义的输出写入器  
    custom_writer = CustomWriter()  
    # 保存原来的标准输出  
    original_stdout = sys.stdout  
    # 重定向标准输出到自定义的写入器  
    sys.stdout = custom_writer  
    # 在这里执行需要输出的代码  
    print("Hello, World!")  
    print("This is a test.")  
    # 还原标准输出  
    sys.stdout = original_stdout  

	installed = parse_install_info(custom_writer.content, package_name)  
    # 略： 和示例一后期处理一样