阅读程序，不同定义下的结果

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
protected:
    int a,b;
public:
    A(int aa,int bb):a(aa),b(bb){}
    void printA()
    {
        cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<endl;
    }

};
class B:public A
{
    int c;
public:
    B(int aa,int bb,int cc):A(aa,bb),c(cc){}
    void printB()
    {
         cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<"\tc:"<<c<<endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    A a(1,1);
    B b(2,3,4);
    a=b;
    a.printA();
    b.printA();
    b.printB();
    return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
protected:
    int a,b;
public:
    A(int aa,int bb):a(aa),b(bb){}
    void printA()
    {
        cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<endl;
    }

};
class B:public A
{
    int c;
public:
    B(int aa,int bb,int cc):A(aa,bb),c(cc){}
    void printB()
    {
         cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<"\tc:"<<c<<endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    A a(1,1);
    B b(2,3,4);
    A &r1=a;
    A &r2=b;
    r1.printA();
    r2.printA();
    return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
protected:
    int a,b;
public:
    A(int aa,int bb):a(aa),b(bb){}
    void printA()
    {
        cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<endl;
    }

};
class B: public A
{
    int c;
public:
    B(int aa,int bb,int cc):A(aa,bb),c(cc){}
    void printB()
    {
         cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<"\tc:"<<c<<endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    A a(1,1);
    B b(2,3,4);
    A *p=&a;
    p->printA();
    p=&b;
    p->printA();
    return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
protected:
    int a,b;
public:
    A(int aa,int bb):a(aa),b(bb){}
    void printA()
    {
        cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<endl;
    }
    int getA()
    {
        return a;
    }
};
class B: public A
{
    int c;
public:
    B(int aa,int bb,int cc):A(aa,bb),c(cc){}
    void printB()
    {
         cout<<"a="<<a<<"\tb:"<<b<<"\tc:"<<c<<endl;
    }
};
void f(A x)
{
    cout<<"aaaaah,my a:"<<x.getA()<<endl;
}
int main()
{
    A a(1,1);
    B b(2,3,4);
    f(a);
    f(b);
    return 0;
}