【leetcode热题100】N 皇后 II

n 皇后问题 研究的是如何将 n 个皇后放置在 n × n 的棋盘上,并且使皇后彼此之间不能相互攻击。

给你一个整数 n ,返回 n 皇后问题 不同的解决方案的数量。

示例 1:

输入:n = 4
输出:2
解释:如上图所示,4 皇后问题存在两个不同的解法。

示例 2:

输入:n = 1
输出:1

解法一

我们直接把上道题的 ans 的 size 返回就可以了,此外 currentQueen.size ( ) == n 的时候,也不用去生成一个解了,直接加一个数字占位。

public int totalNQueens(int n) {
    List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>();
    backtrack(new ArrayList<Integer>(), ans, n);
    return ans.size();
}

private void backtrack(List<Integer> currentQueen, List<Integer> ans, int n) {
    if (currentQueen.size() == n) {
        ans.add(1);
        return;
    }
    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
        if (!currentQueen.contains(col)) {
            if (isDiagonalAttack(currentQueen, col)) {
                continue;
            }
            currentQueen.add(col);
            backtrack(currentQueen, ans, n);
            currentQueen.remove(currentQueen.size() - 1);
        }

    }

}

private boolean isDiagonalAttack(List<Integer> currentQueen, int i) {
    int current_row = currentQueen.size();
    int current_col = i;
    for (int row = 0; row < currentQueen.size(); row++) {
        if (Math.abs(current_row - row) == Math.abs(current_col - currentQueen.get(row))) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

时间复杂度:

空间复杂度:

解法二

参考这里)。

既然不用返回所有解,那么我们就不需要 currentQueen 来保存当前已加入皇后的位置。只需要一个 bool 型数组,来标记列是否被占有就可以了。

由于没有了 currentQueen,所有不能再用之前 isDiagonalAttack 判断对角线冲突的方法了。我们可以观察下,对角线元素的情况。

可以发现对于同一条副对角线,row + col 的值是相等的。

对于同一条主对角线,row - col 的值是相等的。

我们同样可以用一个 bool 型数组,来保存当前对角线是否有元素,把它们相加相减的值作为下标。

对于 row - col ,由于出现了负数,所以可以加 1 个 n,由 [ - 3, 3 ] 转换为 [ 1 , 7 ] 。

public int totalNQueens(int n) {
    List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>();
    boolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // 列
    boolean[] d1 = new boolean[2 * n]; // 主对角线 
    boolean[] d2 = new boolean[2 * n]; // 副对角线
    return backtrack(0, cols, d1, d2, n, 0);
}

private int backtrack(int row, boolean[] cols, boolean[] d1, boolean[] d2, int n, int count) { 
    if (row == n) {
        count++;
    } else {
        for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
            int id1 = row - col + n; //主对角线加 n
            int id2 = row + col;
            if (cols[col] || d1[id1] || d2[id2])
                continue;
            cols[col] = true;
            d1[id1] = true;
            d2[id2] = true;
            count = backtrack(row + 1, cols, d1, d2, n, count);
            cols[col] = false;
            d1[id1] = false;
            d2[id2] = false;
        }

    }
    return count;
}

时间复杂度:

空间复杂度:

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