支持动态指定字段的序列化器，传参fields，序列化和反序列化都支持

定义一个可复用的mixin类：

class DynamicFieldsMinxin:
    """支持动态指定字段的序列化器，传参fields，序列化和反序列化都支持"""
    Meta: type

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """支持字段动态生成的序列化器，从默认的Meta.fields中过滤，无关字段不查不序列化"""
        fields = kwargs.pop('fields', None)
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if fields is not None:
            allow = set(fields)
            existing = set(self.fields)
            for f in existing - allow:
                self.fields.pop(f)

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        """list序列化时，首先使用传参的fields，默认用meta.list_fields作为序列化字段"""
        if kwargs.pop('many', False):
            fields = getattr(cls.Meta, 'list_fields', None)
            if fields and 'fields' not in kwargs:
                kwargs['fields'] = fields
            return cls.many_init(*args, **kwargs)
        return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

序列化器直接继承：

class BudgetSerializer(DynamicFieldsMinxin, serializers.ModelSerializer):
    
    class Meta:
        fields = "__all__"
        model = models.Budget

使用：

serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True, fields=['id'])

在代码种体现如下：

    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

        page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)
        if page is not None:
            serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True, fields=['id'])
            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)

        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)