shell 解析命令行参数

解析方式一：手动解析，执行方式source test.sh

#test.sh
#!/bin/bash

while [ -n "$1" ]
    do
        case "$1" in
            -a|--account)
                echo "param a"
	        a="$2"
                echo $a
                shift 2
                ;;
            -s|--server)
                echo "param s"
                s="$2"
                echo $s
                shift 2
                ;;
            -h|--help)
                usage
                return 0
                ;;
            --)
                shift
                break
                ;;
            *)
                return 1
                ;;
        esac
    done

解析方式二：getopts 解析，执行方式bash test1.sh

#test1.sh
#!/bin/bash
while getopts "a:b:c" arg; do
    case $arg in
    a)
        echo "a $OPTARG" 
        ;;
     b)
         echo "b $OPTARG"
         ;;
     c)
         echo "c"
         ;;
      \?)  
         echo "unkonw argument"
         ;;
      esac
done

解析方式三：getopt 解析，执行方式source test.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
# A small example program for using the new getopt(1) program.
# This program will only work with bash(1)
# An similar program using the tcsh(1) script language can be found
# as parse.tcsh
 
# Example input and output (from the bash prompt):
# ./parse.bash -a par1 'another arg' --c-long 'wow!*\?' -cmore -b " very long "
# Option a
# Option c, no argument
# Option c, argument `more'
# Option b, argument ` very long '
# Remaining arguments:
# --> `par1'
# --> `another arg'
# --> `wow!*\?'
 
# Note that we use `"$@"' to let each command-line parameter expand to a
# separate word. The quotes around `$@' are essential!
# We need TEMP as the `eval set --' would nuke the return value of getopt.
 
#-o表示短选项，两个冒号表示该选项有一个可选参数，可选参数必须紧贴选项
#如-carg 而不能是-c arg
#--long表示长选项
#"$@"在上面解释过
# -n:出错时的信息
# -- ：举一个例子比较好理解：
#我们要创建一个名字为 "-f"的目录你会怎么办？
# mkdir -f #不成功，因为-f会被mkdir当作选项来解析，这时就可以使用
# mkdir -- -f 这样-f就不会被作为选项。
 
TEMP=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
     -n 'example.bash' -- "$@"`
 
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Terminating..." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi
 
# Note the quotes around `$TEMP': they are essential!
#set 会重新排列参数的顺序，也就是改变$1,$2...$n的值，这些值在getopt中重新排列过了
eval set -- "$TEMP"
 
#经过getopt的处理，下面处理具体选项。
 
while true ; do
        case "$1" in
                -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
                -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
                -c|--c-long)
                        # c has an optional argument. As we are in quoted mode,
                        # an empty parameter will be generated if its optional
                        # argument is not found.
                        case "$2" in
                                "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
                                *)  echo "Option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
                        esac ;;
                --) shift ; break ;;
                *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
        esac
done
echo "Remaining arguments:"
for arg do
   echo '--> '"\`$arg'" ;
done