Hibernate之单向一对多映射(使用maven构建)

在实际开发中，一对多的例子有很多，比如一个部门对应多个员工，这就是一种典型一对多的关系，在Hibernate中使用一对多映射可以使用一方来管理多方，这显然是很方便的。在本例中，使用了2个实体，一是员工employee，另外一个是部门department。

首先创建2张表：

接下来就是创建一个project了，整个工程的骨架如下图所示：

先看pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>Demo</groupId>
	<artifactId>HibernateDemo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>HibernateDemo</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.2</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 添加Hibernate依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>4.3.0.Final</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 添加Log4J依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.16</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId>
			<version>1.6.4</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- mysql数据库的驱动包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.6</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

再看两个实体类Employee和Department：

package entity;

public class Employee {

	private int empId;

	private String empName;

	public Employee() {
		super();
	}

	public Employee(String empName) {
		super();
		this.empName = empName;
	}

	public Employee(int empId, String empName) {
		super();
		this.empId = empId;
		this.empName = empName;
	}

	public int getEmpId() {
		return empId;
	}

	public void setEmpId(int empId) {
		this.empId = empId;
	}

	public String getEmpName() {
		return empName;
	}

	public void setEmpName(String empName) {
		this.empName = empName;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Employee [empId=" + empId + ", empName=" + empName + "]";
	}
	
}

package entity;

import java.util.Set;

public class Department {

	private int deptId;
	
	private String deptName;
	
	private Set<Employee> employees;

	public Department() {
		super();
	}

	public Department(String deptName) {
		super();
		this.deptName = deptName;
	}

	public Department(int deptId, String deptName) {
		super();
		this.deptId = deptId;
		this.deptName = deptName;
	}

	public int getDeptId() {
		return deptId;
	}

	public void setDeptId(int deptId) {
		this.deptId = deptId;
	}

	public String getDeptName() {
		return deptName;
	}

	public void setDeptName(String deptName) {
		this.deptName = deptName;
	}

	public Set<Employee> getEmployees() {
		return employees;
	}

	public void setEmployees(Set<Employee> employees) {
		this.employees = employees;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Department [deptId=" + deptId + ", deptName=" + deptName + ", employees=" + employees + "]";
	}

}

注意，因为是单向的一对多关联映射，所以在一方，也就是department方，建立一个Set类型的变量来保存多方的信息。同样，

在hbm.xml文件里面也会体现出这一点。

Employee.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2017-10-8 19:42:28 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="entity.Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
        <id name="empId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="EMP_ID" />
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="empName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="EMP_NAME" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Department.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2017-10-8 19:42:28 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="entity.Department" table="DEPARTMENT">
        <id name="deptId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="DEPT_ID" />
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="deptName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="DEPT_NAME" />
        </property>
        <set name="employees" cascade="all" table="EMPLOYEE">
        	<key column="DEPT_ID"></key>
        	<one-to-many class="entity.Employee"/>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

然后就是hibernate的主配置文件了：

hibernate.cfg.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
		"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
		"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate_demo</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
        
        <mapping resource="Department.hbm.xml"/>
        <mapping resource="Employee.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

接下来是工具类HibernateDAOHelper：

package util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class HibernateDAOHelper {

	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	
	private static Session session;
	
	static {
		
		//从class目录自动获取hibernate主配置文件
		Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
		//获取服务注册对象
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).build();
		//获取会话工厂
		sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);		
	}
	
	//获取会话对象
	public static Session getSession() {
		session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		return session;
	}
	
	//关闭会话
	public static void closeSession() {
		if(session!=null) {
			session.close();
		}	
	}
	
}

最后是测试类，分别给出了CRUD的测试：

package test;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import entity.Department;
import entity.Employee;
import util.HibernateDAOHelper;

public class TestDemo{

	@Test
	public void addTest() {		
		Department dept = new Department("部门1");
		
		Employee emp1 = new Employee("员工1");
		Employee emp2 = new Employee("员工2");
		
		Set<Employee> empSet = new HashSet<Employee>();
		empSet.add(emp1);
		empSet.add(emp2);
		dept.setEmployees(empSet);
		
		Session session = HibernateDAOHelper.getSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		session.save(dept);
		tx.commit();
		HibernateDAOHelper.closeSession();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void queryTest() {
		Session session = HibernateDAOHelper.getSession();
		Department dept = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
		System.out.println(dept);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void updateTest() {
		Session session = HibernateDAOHelper.getSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Department dept = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
		Employee emp = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, 2);
		
		dept.getEmployees().remove(emp);
		session.update(dept);
		tx.commit();
		HibernateDAOHelper.closeSession();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void deleteTest() {
		Session session = HibernateDAOHelper.getSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		Department dept = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
		
		session.delete(dept);
		tx.commit();
		HibernateDAOHelper.closeSession();		
	}
	
}

在执行测试前，数据库里是没有数据的：

现在执行添加方法：

再执行查询方法：

执行更新方法：

执行删除方法：