【shell】shell 非交互处理

shell 非交互处理

1.expect

expect可以用来实现非交互的功能，是根据脚本与其他交互式程序“对话”的程序。在脚本之后，Expect知道程序可以期望什么，正确的响应应该是什么。解释语言提供分支和高级控制结构来引导对话。 此外，用户可以根据需要控制并直接进行交互，然后将控制权返回给脚本。

1.1 实例1.非交互式ssh登陆

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ cat ssh_login.sh
#!/usr/bin/expect

set user [lindex $argv 0]
set ip [lindex $argv 1]
set timeout 30

spawn ssh $user@$ip

expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "password:" { send "asd123\r"  }
}
interact
[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ ./ssh_login.sh klaus 192.168.84.130
spawn ssh klaus@192.168.84.130
klaus@192.168.84.130's password:
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

Last login: Thu Feb  6 09:39:11 2020 from 192.168.84.129

1.2 ssh远程拷贝文件

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ cat ssh_cp.sh
#!/bin/bash
user=klaus

rpm -q expect &>/dev/null
if [ ! $? -eq 0 ];then
    sudo yum install expect &>/dev/null
    echo "expect has been installed!"
fi

if [ ! -f  ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then
    ssh-keygen -P "" -f  ~/.ssh/id_rsa
fi

for ip in `cat ip.txt`
do
    {
        ping -c1 -W1 $ip &>/dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
            /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF
            spawn scp -r /home/klaus/Desktop/shell/chapt5/hh.c $user@$ip:/home/klaus/Desktop/
            EOF
        fi
    }&
done
wait
echo "finished..."
[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ ./ssh_cp.sh
spawn scp -r /home/klaus/Desktop/shell/chapt5/hh.c klaus@192.168.84.130:/home/klaus/Desktop/
hh.c                                                    100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00    
finished...

其中个别会出现port 22: Connection refused,lost connection,可能是防火墙的问题，端口号拒绝访问也有可能是端口没打开

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

2.交互总结

expect脚本执行方式和shell不一样，我们同时也可以在shell里面引用expect(见实例2.1)，或者甚至其他，如python一样;脚本的赋值方式也不太一样，expect用的是[lindex $argv 0]，下面实现一个远程创建用户的实例

2.1 远程创建用户

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ cat ssh_useradd.sh
#!/bin/bash

user=$1
ip=$2
password=asd123

ping -c1 -W1 $ip &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    /usr/bin/expect<<-EOF
    spawn ssh $user@$ip
    expect
    {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue}
        "password:" { send "asd123\r"}
    }

    set timeout 10
    expect "*$"
    send "sudo useradd alice\r"
    expect "$user:"
    send "$password\r"
    expect "*$"
    send "id alice\r"
    expect "*$"
    send "exit\r"
    expect eof
EOF
else
    echo "Network unreachable, connection error!"
fi

执行结果如下

[klaus@localhost chapt5]$ ./ssh_useradd.sh klaus 192.168.84.130
spawn ssh klaus@192.168.84.130
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

Last login: Thu Feb  6 11:59:37 2020 from 192.168.84.129
[klaus@localhost ~]$ sudo useradd alice
[sudo] password for klaus:
[klaus@localhost ~]$ id alice
uid=1001(alice) gid=1001(alice) groups=1001(alice)
[klaus@localhost ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.84.130 closed.