Python 元类，魔法函数，单例模式实现

在python中，一切皆对象，产生类的对象即为原来，借助魔法函数，元类，可以实现单例模式。

在此过程中，也可以探索基于元类的类实现过程。

class Meta_Class_Father(type):
    _instance = None
    def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        print('=======Father Class __new__ function is called=======')
        return super().__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        print('=======Father Class __init__ function is called=======')
        super().__init__(self)
    def __call__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        print('=======Father Class __call__ function is called=======')
        #super().__call__(*args,*kwargs)
        if not cls._instance:
            cls._instance = super().__call__(*args,*kwargs)
        else:
            print('the children class is already created')

        return cls._instance

    def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        print('=======Children Class __new__ function is called=======')
        #return super().__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
        return super().__new__(cls)


    def __init__(self,name,age):
        print('=======Children Class __init__ function is called=======')
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

        #super().__init__(*args,**kwargs)
        super().__init__()

    def __call__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        print('=======Children Class __call__ function is called=======')
        super().__call__(cls,*args,**kwargs)



Meta_Test1 = Meta_Class_Children('tom',10)

Meta_Test2 = Meta_Class_Children('David',20)

print(Meta_Test1)

print(Meta_Test2)

print(Meta_Test1.name)

print(Meta_Test2.name)

运行后的结果如下：

=======Father Class __new__ function is called=======
=======Father Class __init__ function is called=======
=======Father Class __call__ function is called=======
=======Children Class __new__ function is called=======
=======Children Class __init__ function is called=======
=======Father Class __call__ function is called=======
the children class is already created
<__main__.Meta_Class_Children object at 0x0000017973DF5948>
<__main__.Meta_Class_Children object at 0x0000017973DF5948>
tom
tom