MockMvc简单使用

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.ghgcn</groupId>
	<artifactId>day01</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>day01</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

启动类与controller

@SpringBootApplication
public class Day01Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Day01Application.class, args);
	}

}

@RestController
public class HelloContrller {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public Map<String,Object> hello(){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        map.put("name", "刘楠");
        map.put("age", 35);
        map.put("date", LocalDate.now().minusDays(1));
        return map;
    }
}

测试1

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Day01Application.class)
public class HelloContrllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

    @Before
    public void before(){
        mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHello() throws Exception {

        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")).andReturn();

        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse());
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus());

    }
}

测试2

package com.ghgcn.day01;

import com.ghgcn.day01.controller.HelloContrller;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Day01Application.class)
public class HelloContrllerTest2 {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;


    @Before
    public void before(){
        mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(HelloContrller.class).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHello() throws Exception {

        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")).andReturn();

        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse());
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
        System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus());

    }
}

初始化时有2种方式，

mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(HelloContrller.class).build();

推荐第一种，只是初始化方式不同，第二种是对单个Controller的测试

MockMvc方法解析

• perform：执行一个RequestBuilder请求，会自动执行SpringMvc的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理
• get：声明发送一个get请求方法。MockHttpServletRequestBuilder get(Sring urlTemple, Object… urlVariables)：根据url模板和url变量值得到一个GET请求方式的。另外提供了其他的请求方法，如：POST、PUT、DELETE等
• param：添加request的参数，如上面发送请求的时候戴上了pcode=root的参数。假如使用需要发送json数据格式的时候将不能使用这种方式。
• andExpect：添加ResultMatcher验证规则，验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确（对返回的数据进行的判断）
• andDo：添加ResultHandler结果处理器，比如调试时打印结果到控制台（对返回的数据进行的判断）
• andReturn：最后返回相应的MvcResult：然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步异常处理（对返回的数据进行的判断）
• contentType 指定org.springframework.http.MediaType 指定请求参数类型json之类的