MySQL MariaDB 多种安装方式

MySQL,MariaDB 安装

1)yum多实例安装

1.编辑yum源

	[mariadb]
	name = MariaDB
	baseurl = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.2/centos7-amd64/
	gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
	gpgcheck=1

	[root@magedu ~]#sudo yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client


2.创建所需文件夹
[root@Centos7 ~]#mkdir /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/{data,bin,log,socket,pid,etc} -pv
[root@Centos7 ~]#tree /mysql

3.安装库 （二进制提前创建用户）
[root@Centos7 ~]#mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysql/3306/data/ --user=mysql
[root@Centos7 ~]#mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysql/3307/data/ --user=mysql
[root@Centos7 ~]#tree /mysql

4.赋予权限
[root@Centos7 ~]#chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql/

5.修改配置文件 （二进制安装需要找到 /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf ）
[root@Centos7 ~]#cp /etc/my.cnf  /mysql/3306/etc/

[root@Centos7 ~]#vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf
				[mysqld]
				port=3306
				datadir=/mysql/3306/data
				socket=/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock
				symbolic-links=0
				[mysqld_safe]
				log-error=/mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log
				pid-file=/mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid 

[root@Centos7 ~]#cp  /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf /mysql/3307/etc/my.cnf
				[mysqld]
				port=3307
				datadir=/mysql/3307/data
				socket=/mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock

				symbolic-links=0

				[mysqld_safe]
				log-error=/mysql/3307/log/mariadb.log
				pid-file=/mysql/3307/pid/mariadb.pid 


6.修改启动文件
因为是yum安装可以临时启动查看 mysqld_safe所在地方
[root@Centos7 ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@Centos7 ~]#ps aux 
[root@Centos7 ~]#systemctl stop mariadb
[root@Centos7 ~]#chmod +x /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld
[root@Centos7 ~]#vim /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld

#!/bin/bash

port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="centos"
cmd_path="/usr/bin"   --看下mysqld_safe在哪个路径二进制在就是解压文件夹那里/usr/local/mysql/bin
mysql_basedir="/mysql"                                                                       
mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"

function_start_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      ${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf  &> /dev/null  &
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}


function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown
   fi
}


7.操作

启动
[root@Centos7 ~]#/mysql/3306/bin/mysqld start
[root@Centos7 ~]#ss -ntl
进入
[root@Centos7 ~]#mysql -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock
MariaDB [(none)]> status --可以查看状态
--修改口令后者是在my。cnf里面密码清空关闭的时候就不需要输入密码了
[root@Centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock password 1234  
--所改的密码必须和my.cnf里面的密码一样才可以关闭
[root@Centos7 ~]# mysqladmin -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock -p1234 password centos
[root@Centos7 ~]#/mysql/3306/bin/mysqld stop
Stoping MySQL...
the end

---

2)二进制多实例安装

	1.准备用户
	[root@Centos7 ~]#mkdir /data/mysql
	[root@Centos7 ~]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql  mysql
	
		2.解压缩
	[root@Centos7 ~]#tar xvf mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
	[root@Centos7 ~]#cd /usr/local/
	[root@Centos7 local]#ln -s mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64/ mysql
	
	
		3.更改权限
	[root@Centos7 local]#chown -R root.root mysql/
	
		
	4.创建所需文件夹
	[root@Centos7 ~]#mkdir /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/{data,bin,log,socket,pid,etc} -pv
	[root@Centos7 ~]#tree /mysql
	
	5.安装库 （二进制提前创建用户）
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#pwd
	/usr/local/mysql
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#scripts/mysql_install_db  --datadir=/mysql/3306/data/ --user=mysql
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#scripts/mysql_install_db  --datadir=/mysql/3307/data/ --user=mysql
	
		7.赋予权限
	[root@Centos7 ~]#chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql/
	
	
	8.准备配置文件 记得改权限
	
	修改my.cnf
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf
	[root@Centos7 ~]#chown mysql.mysql /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf
	[root@Centos7 ~]#chmod  +x  /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf 
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#vim /mysql/3307/etc/my.cnf
	修改mysqld
	[root@Centos7 ~]#vim /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld
	[root@Centos7 ~]#chmod +x  /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld
	[root@Centos7 ~]#chown mysql.mysql  /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld
	[root@Centos7 ~]#cp /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld /mysql/3307/bin/mysqld
	
	9.加入还环境变量	
	[root@Centos7 bin]#echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
	[root@Centos7 bin]#. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
	[root@Centos7 bin]#mysql -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock
	

---

二进制安装

	1.准备软件
	项目官方：https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
	国内镜像：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/
	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/
	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-
	10.2.23/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.23-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
	
	1.准备用户
	[root@Centos7 ~]#mkdir /data/mysql
	[root@Centos7 ~]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql  mysql
	2.解压缩
	[root@Centos7 ~]#tar xvf mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
	[root@Centos7 ~]#cd /usr/local/
	[root@Centos7 local]#ln -s mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64/ mysql
	3.更改权限
	[root@Centos7 local]#chown -R root.root mysql/

	4.安装
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#pwd
	/usr/local/mysql
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#scripts/mysql_install_db  --datadir=/data/mysql  --user=mysql
	5.准备配置文件
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#mkdir /etc/mysql/ ;cp support-files/my-huge.cnf  /etc/mysql/my.cnf
	vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
	[mysqld]
	datadir=/data/mysql  --数据库目录

	6.制作开机启动文件
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
	[root@Centos7 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld && chkconfig --list

	7.启动数据库
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#service mysqld start

	8.配置环境变量
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

	9.安全初始化
	[root@Centos7 mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

---

编译安装

	1.下载和准备依赖包
	wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.2.23/source/mariadb-10.2.23.tar.gz

	yum install bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel \
	libarchive-devel boost-devel gcc gcc-c++ \
	cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel \
	libevent-devel libaio-devel libdb-cxx-devel

	2.准用户和数据目录

	useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin  -d /data/mysql/  mysql
	mkdir /data/mysql/
	chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql
	tar -xvf mariadb-10.2.18.tar.gz



	3.cmake编译安装
	cd mariadb-10.2.18/
	cmake . \
	-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/mysql \
	-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ \
	-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/ \
	-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
	-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
	-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
	-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
	-DWITH_SSL=system \
	-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
	-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
	-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
	-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \
	-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
	-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
	提示：如果出错，执行rm -f CMakeCache.txt

	4.make && make install

	5.设置环境变量
	vim /etc/profile.d/mariadb-10.2.23.sh
	#!/bin/bash
	export PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH

	source /etc/profile.d/mariadb-10.2.23.sh

	生成数据库文件
	cd /app/mysql/
	scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql

	6.准备配置文件
	cp /app/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

	7.添加服务为开启启动
	cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

	8.执MariaDB安全脚本，启动mysql

	chkconfig --add mysqld
	chkconfig --list
	service mysqld start
	mysql_secure_installation