英语语法

基本句型和补语

五种单句的基本句型

S+V	主语+动词
S+V+O	主语+动词+宾语
S+V+C	主语+动词+补语
S+V+O+O	主语+动词+宾语+宾语
S+V+O+C	主语+动词+宾语+补语

主语subject
动词verb
宾语object
补语complement

不必翻译的动词：be动词

The soup is too hot.
汤太烫了。

解释为“是”的动词没有叙述能力，只能把主语和后面构成叙述的部分连接起来，所以它又叫做“连缀动词”(Linking Verb)。跟在这种动词后面的部分，因为替代了动词所扮演的叙述角色，补足句子使它获得完整的意思，称之为“补语”(Complement)。

解释为“是”的连缀动词

look 看起来是
seem 似乎是
appear 显得是
sound 听起来是
feel 摸起来是
taste 尝起来是
turn 转变为
prove 证实为
become 成为
make 作为

That dress looks pretty.
那件裙子很好看。

The dog seems friendly.
那只狗好像很友善。

没有补语的be动词

be动词并不解释为“是”，而要解释为“存在”。

I think; therefore I am.
我思故我在。

To be or not to be，that is the question.
生存还是死亡,这是个问题。

要存在还是不要存在”，也就是“要不要活下去”的意思。

S+V	He died in World War Two.	V is 不及物
S+V+O	He killed three enemy soldiers.	V is 及物
S+V+C	He was a soldier.	V is be动词
S+V+C	I feel great.	V is like be动词
S+V+O+C	I find the dress pretty	OC->add be->S+V+C eg: Dress is pretty.
S+V+O+C	John's father called him a dog.	O等于C C is noun or adj.
S+V+O+O	John's father gave him a dog.	第一个O不等于第二个O

练习

1. The magician moved his fingers quickly.
   S V O
2. The police found the letter missing.
   S V O C
3. The police found the missing letter.
   S V O
4. He ordered himself a steak and a bottle of red wine.
   S V O O
5. Don’t you like dancing?
   S V O
6. The President has gone abroad on a visit.
   S V
7. That sounds like a good idea.
   S V C
8. The box feels heavy.
   S V C
9. He told his guests a dirty joke at the party.
   S V O O
10. The people elected Bill Clinton President.
    S V O C
11. The child asks her mother a million questions a day.
    S V O O
12. Monkeys love bananas.
    S V O
13. You can leave the door open.
    S V O C
14. The company has gone bankrupt.
    S V C
15. Why don’t you answer me?
    S V O
16. I consider you a member of the family.
    S V O C
17. It never rains in California.
    S V
18. You’ll look better with these designer glasses on.
    S V C
19. I can see better without these reading glasses.
    S V
20. Do you call me a lair?
    S V O C