每日一问（20210923）—— cpu 内部各个部件的大小、时延？

问题：
cpu 内部各个部件大概多大？大概时延是多少？

量化研究方法 第2章的参数

intel i7 的参数

stack overflow 链接

• core i7

Core i7 Xeon 5500 Series Data Source Latency (approximate)               [Pg. 22]

local  L1 CACHE hit,                              ~4 cycles (   2.1 -  1.2 ns )
local  L2 CACHE hit,                             ~10 cycles (   5.3 -  3.0 ns )
local  L3 CACHE hit, line unshared               ~40 cycles (  21.4 - 12.0 ns )
local  L3 CACHE hit, shared line in another core ~65 cycles (  34.8 - 19.5 ns )
local  L3 CACHE hit, modified in another core    ~75 cycles (  40.2 - 22.5 ns )

remote L3 CACHE (Ref: Fig.1 [Pg. 5])        ~100-300 cycles ( 160.7 - 30.0 ns )

local  DRAM                                                   ~60 ns
remote DRAM                                                  ~100 ns

• Just for a sake of 2020’s review of the predictions for 2025

2020: Still some improvements, prediction for 2025
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
             0.1 ns - NOP
             0.3 ns - XOR, ADD, SUB
             0.5 ns - CPU L1 dCACHE reference           (1st introduced in late 80-ies )
             0.9 ns - JMP SHORT
             1   ns - speed-of-light (a photon) travel a 1 ft (30.5cm) distance -- will stay, throughout any foreseeable future :o)
?~~~~~~~~~~~ 1   ns - MUL ( i**2 = MUL i, i )~~~~~~~~~ doing this 1,000 x is 1 [us]; 1,000,000 x is 1 [ms]; 1,000,000,000 x is 1 [s] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
           3~4   ns - CPU L2  CACHE reference           (2020/Q1)
             5   ns - CPU L1 iCACHE Branch mispredict
             7   ns - CPU L2  CACHE reference
            10   ns - DIV
            19   ns - CPU L3  CACHE reference           (2020/Q1 considered slow on 28c Skylake)
            71   ns - CPU cross-QPI/NUMA best  case on XEON E5-46*
           100   ns - MUTEX lock/unlock
           100   ns - own DDR MEMORY reference
           135   ns - CPU cross-QPI/NUMA best  case on XEON E7-*
           202   ns - CPU cross-QPI/NUMA worst case on XEON E7-*
           325   ns - CPU cross-QPI/NUMA worst case on XEON E5-46*
|Q>~~~~~ 5,000   ns - QPU on-chip QUBO ( quantum annealer minimiser 1 Qop )
        10,000   ns - Compress 1K bytes with a Zippy PROCESS
        20,000   ns - Send     2K bytes over 1 Gbps  NETWORK
       250,000   ns - Read   1 MB sequentially from  MEMORY
       500,000   ns - Round trip within a same DataCenter
?~~~ 2,500,000   ns - Read  10 MB sequentially from  MEMORY~~(about an empty python process to copy on spawn)~~~~ x ( 1 + nProcesses ) on spawned process instantiation(s), yet an empty python interpreter is indeed not a real-world, production-grade use-case, is it?
    10,000,000   ns - DISK seek
    10,000,000   ns - Read   1 MB sequentially from  NETWORK
?~~ 25,000,000   ns - Read 100 MB sequentially from  MEMORY~~(somewhat light python process to copy on spawn)~~~~ x ( 1 + nProcesses ) on spawned process instantiation(s)
    30,000,000   ns - Read 1 MB sequentially from a  DISK
?~~ 36,000,000   ns - Pickle.dump() SER a 10 MB object for IPC-transfer and remote DES in spawned process~~~~~~~~ x ( 2 ) for a single 10MB parameter-payload SER/DES + add an IPC-transport costs thereof or NETWORK-grade transport costs, if going into [distributed-computing] model Cluster ecosystem
   150,000,000   ns - Send a NETWORK packet CA -> Netherlands
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