Git常用术语 《Git Pro》总结

《Git Pro》英文原版
《Git Pro》中文版

为什么Git这么流行,为什么使用Git?

版本控制系统(version control system,简称VCS)
版本控制是一种记录一个或若干文件内容变化,以便将来查阅特定版本修订情况的系统。

本地版本控制系统
在硬盘上保存补丁集(补丁是指文件修订前后的变化);通过应用所有的补丁,可以重新计算出各个版本的文件内容。

集中化的版本控制系统(Centralized Version Control Systems,简称 CVCS)
有一个单一的集中管理的中央服务器,保存所有文件的修订版本,而协同工作的人们都通过客户端连到这台服务器,取出最新的文件或者提交更新。

缺点
最显而易见的缺点是中央服务器的单点故障。
如果宕机一小时,那么在这一小时内,谁都无法提交更新,也就无法协同工作。
如果中心数据库所在的磁盘发生损坏,又没有做恰当备份,毫无疑问你将丢失所有数据——包括项目的整个变更历史,只剩下人们在各自机器上保留的单独快照。

分布式版本控制系统(Distributed Version Control System&#x

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