macos pip install mysqlclient error: command ‘/usr/bin/clang‘ failed with exit code 1

背景

• 芯片：MacBook Pro M3
• Mac OS: 14.1
• Python 3.9.19

执行pip install mysqlclient==1.4.4总是报错，例如：

• MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1859:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_shutdown'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations
• ld: library 'zstd' not found

错误详细信息
错误一：

  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
  Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [45 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39
      creating build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      creating build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      running build_ext
      building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -Dversion_info=(1,4,4,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.4 -I/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.3.0_1/include/mysql -I/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/include -I/usr/local/opt/python@3.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.o
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:489:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_ssl_set'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
              mysql_ssl_set(&(self->connection), key, cert, ca, capath, cipher);
              ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:489:9: note: did you mean 'mysql_close'?
      /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.3.0_1/include/mysql/mysql.h:797:14: note: 'mysql_close' declared here
      void STDCALL mysql_close(MYSQL *sock);
                   ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1650:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_kill'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
          r = mysql_kill(&(self->connection), pid);
              ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1650:9: note: did you mean 'mysql_ping'?
      /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.3.0_1/include/mysql/mysql.h:525:13: note: 'mysql_ping' declared here
      int STDCALL mysql_ping(MYSQL *mysql);
                  ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1859:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_shutdown'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
          r = mysql_shutdown(&(self->connection), SHUTDOWN_DEFAULT);
              ^
      3 errors generated.
      error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
ERROR: Could not build wheels for mysqlclient, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

错误二：

      running build_ext
      building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/bzip2/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -I/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/include -Dversion_info=(1,4,4,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.4 -I/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/include/mysql -I/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/include -I/usr/local/opt/python@3.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.o
      clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk -L/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/lib -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/bzip2/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -I/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/include build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/lib -lmysqlclient -lz -lzstd -lssl -lcrypto -lresolv -o build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-39-darwin.so
      ld: library 'zstd' not found
      clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
      error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
ERROR: Could not build wheels for mysqlclient, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

解决方法

系统需要提前安装必要的lib，例如

• brew install mysql-client
  • (mysql服务还是可以通过 brew install mysql去使用)
• brew install openssl@1.1
• brew install zstd
• （pip install 是提示ld: library ‘xxx’ not found就安装啥）

# 设置编译依赖
export CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1)/include -I$(brew --prefix libffi)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(brew --prefix zstd)/include"
export CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1)/include -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -I$(brew --prefix zstd)/include" 
export LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1)/lib -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib -L$(brew --prefix gettext)/lib -L$(brew --prefix libffi)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zstd)/lib"
# 执行安装
pip install mysqlclient==1.4.4

按照如此执行可以安装成功。

其他问题

安装好的mysqlclient==1.4.4在执行Django程序的时候会报错

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
  File "/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from . import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-39-darwin.so, 0x0002): symbol not found in flat namespace '_mysql_kill'
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

直接升级pip install -U mysqlclient即可。

本次升级到的版本是mysqlclient==2.2.4。