macos pip install mysqlclient error: command ‘/usr/bin/clang‘ failed with exit code 1

SkylerHu

已于 2025-03-10 14:27:54 修改

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： macos pip mysqlclient

于 2024-03-31 10:35:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kuailebeihun_/article/details/137194009

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背景

芯片：MacBook Pro M3
Mac OS: 14.1
Python 3.9.19

执行pip install mysqlclient==1.4.4总是报错，例如：

MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1859:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_shutdown'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations
ld: library 'zstd' not found

错误详细信息
错误一：

  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
  Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [45 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39
      creating build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      creating build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/constants
      running build_ext
      building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -Dversion_info=(1,4,4,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.4 -I/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.3.0_1/include/mysql -I/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/include -I/usr/local/opt/python@3.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.o
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:489:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_ssl_set'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
              mysql_ssl_set(&(self->connection), key, cert, ca, capath, cipher);
              ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:489:9: note: did you mean 'mysql_close'?
      /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.3.0_1/include/mysql/mysql.h:797:14: note: 'mysql_close' declared here
      void STDCALL mysql_close(MYSQL *sock);
                   ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1650:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_kill'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
          r = mysql_kill(&(self->connection), pid);
              ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1650:9: note: did you mean 'mysql_ping'?
      /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.3.0_1/include/mysql/mysql.h:525:13: note: 'mysql_ping' declared here
      int STDCALL mysql_ping(MYSQL *mysql);
                  ^
      MySQLdb/_mysql.c:1859:9: error: call to undeclared function 'mysql_shutdown'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
          r = mysql_shutdown(&(self->connection), SHUTDOWN_DEFAULT);
              ^
      3 errors generated.
      error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
ERROR: Could not build wheels for mysqlclient, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

错误二：

      running build_ext
      building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39
      creating build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb
      clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/bzip2/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -I/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/include -Dversion_info=(1,4,4,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.4 -I/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/include/mysql -I/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/include -I/usr/local/opt/python@3.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.o
      clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk -L/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/lib -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/bzip2/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -I/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/include build/temp.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/opt/mysql-client/lib -lmysqlclient -lz -lzstd -lssl -lcrypto -lresolv -o build/lib.macosx-14-x86_64-cpython-39/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-39-darwin.so
      ld: library 'zstd' not found
      clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
      error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
ERROR: Could not build wheels for mysqlclient, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

错误3

    ld: warning: The i386 architecture is deprecated for macOS (remove from the Xcode build setting: ARCHS)
    ld: warning: ignoring file /usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/libssl.dylib, building for macOS-i386 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-x86_64
    ld: warning: ignoring file /usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/libcrypto.dylib, building for macOS-i386 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-x86_64
    ld: warning: ignoring file /usr/local/lib/libzstd.dylib, building for macOS-i386 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-arm64
    ld: warning: ignoring file /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.32/lib/libmysqlclient.dylib, building for macOS-i386 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-x86_64
    ld: warning: ignoring file /usr/local/lib/libz.dylib, building for macOS-i386 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-arm64
    ld: warning: ignoring file /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib/libresolv.tbd, missing required architecture i386 in file /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib/libresolv.tbd (3 slices)
    ld: warning: ignoring file /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib/libSystem.tbd, missing required architecture i386 in file /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib/libSystem.tbd (3 slices)
    ld: dynamic executables or dylibs must link with libSystem.dylib for architecture i386
    clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
    error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1

解决方法

系统需要提前安装必要的lib，例如

brew install mysql-client
- (mysql服务还是可以通过 brew install mysql去使用)
brew install openssl@1.1
brew install zstd
（pip install 是提示ld: library ‘xxx’ not found就安装啥）

# 设置编译依赖
export CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1)/include -I$(brew --prefix libffi)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(brew --prefix zstd)/include"
export CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1)/include -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -I$(brew --prefix zstd)/include" 
export LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1)/lib -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib -L$(brew --prefix gettext)/lib -L$(brew --prefix libffi)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zstd)/lib"

错误3中关于arch的问题

# 检查 Python 的架构
python3.6 -c "import platform; print(platform.architecture())"

根据输出架构选择其中之一设置环境变量。

# x86架构
export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"
# arm架构
export ARCHFLAGS="-arch arm64"

最后执行安装

pip install mysqlclient==1.4.4

按照如此执行可以安装成功。

其他问题

安装好的mysqlclient==1.4.4在执行Django程序的时候会报错

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
  File "/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from . import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/skyler/Documents/py-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-39-darwin.so, 0x0002): symbol not found in flat namespace '_mysql_kill'
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?