嵌入式开发实战4——内核的编译之三增加对NAND支持编译
要让内核支持nand flash就得增加对其支持的代码,大家可以参看一下arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c,这个文件,其实在移植到自己的mach-mini2440.c中的很关于对nandflash的支持都是依照着它,然后对照着友善的板子的实际分区环境(其它的移植也要注意这些,一定要和对应的硬件相匹配)来设置的。
好,按照SMDK进行修改如下:
;以下蓝色部分为说明文字
static struct mtd_partition mini2440_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "supervivi", ;这里是 bootloader 所在的分区,可以放置 u-boot, supervivi 等内容,对应
/dev/mtdblock0
.size = 0x00040000,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "param", ;这里是 supervivi 的参数区,其实也属于 bootloader 的一部分,如果 u-boot 比较
大,可以把此区域覆盖掉,不会影响系统启动,对应/dev/mtdblock1
.offset = 0x00040000,
.size = 0x00020000,
},
[2] = {
.name = "Kernel", ;内核所在的分区,大小为 5M,足够放下大部分自己定制的巨型内核了,比如内核
使用了更大的 Linux Logo 图片等,对应/dev/mtdblock2
.offset = 0x00060000,
.size = 0x00500000,
},
[3] = {
.name = "root", ;文件系统分区,友善之臂主要用来存放 yaffs2 文件系统内容,对应/dev/mtdblock3
.offset = 0x00560000,
.size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024, //
},
[4] = {
.name = "nand", ;此区域代表了整片的 nand flash,主要是预留使用,比如以后可以通过应用程序访
问读取/dev/mtdblock4 就能实现备份整片 nand flash 了。
.offset = 0x00000000,
.size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024, //
}
};
;这里是开发板的 nand flash 设置表,因为板子上只有一片,因此也就只有一个表
static struct s3c2410_nand_set mini2440_nand_sets[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "NAND",
.nr_chips = 1,
.nr_partitions = ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_default_nand_part),
.partitions = mini2440_default_nand_part,
},
};
;这里是 nand flash 本身的一些特性,一般需要对照 datasheet 填写,大部分情况下按照以下参数填写即可
static struct s3c2410_platform_nand mini2440_nand_info = {
.tacls = 20,
.twrph0 = 60,
.twrph1 = 20,
.nr_sets = ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_nand_sets),
.sets = mini2440_nand_sets,
.ignore_unset_ecc = 1,
};
下面一定要注意加上你对NAND的支持注册到系统中,其实也很简单:
static struct platform_device *mini2440_devices[] __initdata = {
&s3c_device_usb,
&s3c_device_lcd,
&s3c_device_wdt,
&s3c_device_i2c0,
&s3c_device_iis,
&s3c_device_nand, ;把 nand flash 设备添加到开发板的设备列表结构
};
然后make zImage,不太顺利,报了一大片错,在修改的文件上:
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:189: error: array type has incomplete element type
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:190: error: array index in non-array initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:190: error: (near initialization for 'smdk_default_nand_part')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:191: error: field name not in record or union initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:191: error: (near initialization for 'smdk_default_nand_part')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:193: error: unknown field 'tacls' specified in initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:193: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:193: warning: (near initialization for 'mini2440_nand_info')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:194: error: unknown field 'twrph0' specified in initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:194: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:194: warning: (near initialization for 'mini2440_nand_info')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:195: error: unknown field 'twrph1' specified in initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:195: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:195: warning: (near initialization for 'mini2440_nand_info')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:196: error: unknown field 'nr_sets' specified in initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:196: warning: type defaults to 'int' in declaration of 'type name'
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:196: warning: type defaults to 'int' in declaration of 'type name'
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:196: error: negative width in bit-field '<anonymous>'
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:196: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:196: warning: (near initialization for 'mini2440_nand_info')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:197: error: unknown field 'sets' specified in initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:197: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:197: warning: (near initialization for 'mini2440_nand_info')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:198: error: unknown field 'ingnore_unset_ecc' specified in initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:198: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
看错误像是代码敲错了,可是仔细对照过,没有问题,后来查资料发现是缺少头文件:
增加:
#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nand.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nand_ecc.h>
#include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
#include <plat/nand.h>
编译通过,但是,这里还有一个隐含的BUG,也就是前面写那么多的NAND的INFO,结果你看一下,却没有用,所以,还要在函数void __init smdk_machine_init(void)(有的说在static void __init mini2440_map_io(void) ,其实只要在初始化前都可以)中,增加:
s3c_device_nand.dev.platform_data = &mini2440_nand_info;
这样再make zImage,手头没板子,不知道自己的对不对,有时间回家验证下。
顺道把其它朋友遇到的错误罗列一下,以供参考:
具体方法参考移植手册,常见问题如下。
错误一:
NOW, Booting Linux......
Uncompressing Linux...................................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
停止的情况
下面的是tools/mach-types中关于体系的参数定义
s3c2440 ARCH_S3C2440 S3C2440 362
mini2440 MACH_MINI2440 MINI2440 1999
解决方法:linux机器码要与bootloader一致,否则出现这个错误!
2.内核的配置
1..[*] Enable loadable module support --->
[*] Module unloading
2. System Type ---->
[*] S3C2410 DMA support [*] Support ARM920T processor
S3C2440 Machines --->
[*] SMDK2440
[*] SMDK2440 with S3C2440 CPU moduleq
其他的比如2410,2443相关的全部去掉
3.Boot options --->
将 (root=/dev/hda1 ro init=/bin/bash console=ttySAC0) Default kernel command string
改成 (noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 )
其中 mtdblock2 表示 MTD 分区的第二个分区存文件系统; Linuxrc 为启动的首个脚本。
4关掉nand ecc .因为bootload中已经有ecc校验算法
Device Drivers --->
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support --->
[*] MTD partitioning support
<*> NAND Device Support --->
<*> NAND Flash support for S3C2410/S3C2440 SoC
[ ] S3C2410 NAND Hardware ECC // 这个要去掉
3.添加nand flash驱动(可参考arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c)
在arm/mach-mini2440.c
错误二:
//注意结构和函数的顺序
中添加static struct mtd_partition mini2440_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "supervivi",
.size = 0x00040000,//dev/mdkbloack0
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "param",
.offset = 0x00040000,
.size = 0x00020000,
},
[2] = {
.name = "Kernel",
.offset = 0x00560000,
.size =1024 * 1024 * 1024,
},
[3] = {
.name = "nand",
.offset = 0x00000000,
.size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
},
};
static struct s3c2410_nand_set mini2440_nand_sets[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "NAND",
.nr_chips = 1,
.nr_partitions = ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_default_nand_part),
.partitions =mini2440_default_nand_part,
},
};
static struct s3c2410_platform_nand mini2440_nand_info = {
.tacls = 20,
.twrph0 = 60,
.twrph1 = 20,
.nr_sets = ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_nand_sets),
.sets = mini2440_nand_sets,
.ignore_unset_ecc = 1,
};
错误三:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000018
pgd = c0004000
[00000018] *pgd=00000000
Internal error: Oops: 5 [#1]
make zIamge下载后报错
解决办法:
static void __init mini2440_machine_init(void)
{
s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(&mini2440_fb_info);
s3c_i2c0_set_platdata(NULL);
s3c_device_nand.dev.platform_data = &mini2440_nand_info; //这个函数手册上没有,但得加
platform_add_devices(mini2440_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_devices));
//smdk_machine_init();
}
static struct platform_device *mini2440_devices[] __initdata = {
&s3c_device_usb,
&s3c_device_lcd,
&s3c_device_wdt,
&s3c_device_i2c0,
&s3c_device_iis,
&s3c_device_nand, // 把 nand flash 设备添加到开发板的设备列表结构
};
更改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c关闭ecc校验
chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;
改为:chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_NONE;
错误四:
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:84: error: array type has incomplete element type
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:85: error: array index in non-array initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:85: error: (near initialization for 'mini2440_nand_sets')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:86: error: field name not in record or union initializer
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:86: error: (near initialization for 'mini2440_nand_sets')
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c:87: error: field name not in record or union initializer
在macn-mini2440中添加头文件
#include <plat/common-smdk.h>
#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nand.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nand_ecc.h>
#include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
#include <plat/nand.h>//这个也不能少的哦
编译后下载:
affs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
yaffs: auto selecting yaffs2
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 128K
错误五:
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init
解决办法: 这个时候懵了,哪里错呢~ 没办法,只能对照着友善的配置一个个大模块对着来改
当改到Kernel Features的时候错误消失了,原来需要选上
Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel
Allow old ABI binaries to run with thie Kernel
为什么呢?~ Google了一下,原来友善的根文件系统在编译的时候也启用了EABI特性,内核和文件系统需要对上
文件系统用了EABI 内核也要用EABI 内核不用EABI 也只能读取不用EABI的文件系统
本篇文章来源于 Linux公社网站(www.linuxidc.com) 原文链接:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-03/33805p2.htm
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