cenos安装Python3

笔者环境为centos 6.8 x64位系统，笔者后续在centos 7.6 x64位系统中也按如下方式安装成功。

注意：不要修改系统自带的python，因为yum会用到系统自带python，且大多数只支持python2.x。

1: 安装必要的开发工具库

yum update
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib* zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel  readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel pcre pcre-devel gcc gcc-c++

2:下载对应的python源码

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tar.xz

3:安装python（将下载的源代码移到/usr/local/python3目录）

mkdir /usr/local/python3 

mv Python-3.6.3.tar.xz /usr/local/python3/

cd /usr/local/python3/

tar -xvJf Python-3.6.3.tar.xz

cd Python-3.6.3

# 设置编译路径
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

# 编辑Setup以及Setup.dist文件
vim Modules/Setup
vim Modules/Setup.dist

# 找到以下内容，并改成与下面一样，再保存
# Socket module helper for socket(2)
_socket socketmodule.c

# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

# 重新设置编译路径
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

# 编译与安装
make && make install

坑：缺少SSL，由于python3在编译过程中没有带上SSL，但是在使用pip3的时候，需要ssl的支持，解决方案是参考上述编辑Setup以及Setup.dlist文件

如果后期运行也提示"no module _ssl"可参考此博主文章来解决https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26870933/article/details/84336109，需要重新编译python，重新编译前，在源码目录下执行下make clear清除上次编译信息

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/www/ny20/venv/bin/gunicorn", line 7, in <module>
    from gunicorn.app.wsgiapp import run
  File "/www/ny20/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 9, in <module>
    from gunicorn.app.base import Application
  File "/www/ny20/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 14, in <module>
    from gunicorn.config import Config, get_default_config_file
  File "/www/ny20/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/config.py", line 18, in <module>
    import ssl
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 101, in <module>
    import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'

4:建立软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

5:将python加入环境变量

# 打开环境变量修改文件末尾的PATH变量
vim ~/.bash_profile

# 将/usr/local/python3/bin增加到PATH中,保存并退出
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin

# 使环境变量生效
source ~/.bash_profile

# 检查环境变量是否配置成功,查看输出值是否包含/usr/local/python3/bin
echo $PATH

 

文章是笔者在网上搜索资料并实际在centos 6.8 x64位系统上实践过的，参考了以下两个博主的经验：

https://www.cnblogs.com/FZfangzheng/p/7588944.html

https://www.jianshu.com/p/09e522b8d64b