Spring MVC:
简介:SpringMVC是一种基于Java,实现了Web MVC设计模式,请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架,即使用了MVC架构模式的思想,将Web层进行职责解耦。基于请求驱动指的就是使用请求-响应模型,框架的目的就是帮助我们简化开发,SpringMVC也是要简化我们日常Web开发
1.SpringMVC中重要组件
(1)DispatchServerlet:前端控制器,接受所有请求(如果配置“/”不包括jsp文件)
(2)HandlerMapping:解析请求格式,判断具体执行何种方法
(3)HandlerAdapter:负责调用具体的方法
(4)ViewResovler:视图解析器,解析结果,准备跳转到具体的物理视图
Req->DispatchServerlet->HandlerMapping->HandlerAdapter->Controller->ViewResovler->User
2.配置环境
(1)导入架包。大部分跟spring的配置一样,多了springmvc部分
方法一:
(2)配置web.xml文件,因为tomacat不能启用spring的功能,需要用web.xml来使tomacat加载springmvc,在这里面加载pring的配置文件。来将控制权移交给spring。即进入DispatcherServlet前端控制器中,找不到类名是,按F4可立即进入类所在的源码
若不配置<init-parm>会在/WEB-INF/<servlet-name>-servlet.xml中寻找
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc123</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 修改配置文件路径和名称 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 自启动 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc123</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
(3)配置springmvc文件。此时前面已经加载了DispatcherServlet,进入解析器Handlermapping中了,在src下配置spring用到的controller控制器,adapter适配器,以及相应的view视图来跳转
此文件被web.xml中的DispatcherServlet所加载
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="demo123" class="com.likui.controller.DemoController"></bean>
<bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="urlMap">
<map>
<!-- 解析控制器逻辑名字 -->
<entry key="demo" value-ref="demo123"></entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="handlerAdaper" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<bean id="view" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 如果不加下面属性,那么需要自己设置视图中的跳转界面语句 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
(4)在src下新建controller包,在这里面写控制器执行的动作,下面为控制器执行适配器并用视图实现跳转
package com.likui.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class DemoController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("执行springmvc控制器!");
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView("main");
return mav;
}
}
(5)新建main.jsp文件,这样就可以用view视图来跳转到他了
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
hello!
</body>
</html>
(6)执行效果图
右键点击运行在服务器上,在浏览器网址后面输入demo控制器名字,之后就会跳转到main.jsp界面
方法二:
3.使用注解方式来配置springmvc.xml文件
(1)springmvc.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 扫描注解 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.likui.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 静态资源 -->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"></mvc:resources>
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"></mvc:resources>
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"></mvc:resources>
</beans>
(2)相应的注解具体使用方法DemoController
package com.likui.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class DemoController {
@RequestMapping("demo")
public String demo() {
System.out.println("demo");
return "main.jsp";
}
}
(3)main.jsp内容
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
hello springmvc!
</body>
</html>
(4)执行结果