《SpringBoot+SpringCloud+Vue+Element项目实战:手把手教你开发权限管理系统》读书笔记
文章目录
集成持久层框架
在 java 应用的数据库开发中,不可避免地会使用到持久层框架,而现在开源项目中持久层框架用到最多的基本就是 iBatis、myBatis 和 Hibernate 了。
集成MyBatis框架
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。
- 官方文档:https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/
- 中文官网:http://www.mybatis.cn/
- 参考教程:https://www.w3cschool.cn/mybatis/
1、添加依赖
Spring Boot 对于MyBaits的支持需要引入mybatis-spring-boot-starter
的依赖。
<!--MyBatis支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、配置类
- 添加MyBatis配置类MybatisConfig.java:
- 在application.yml中添加数据源配置:
spring: datasource: driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC username: root password: 123456
- 配置包扫描
给启动类的注解@SpringBootApplication配置包扫描,明确启动时自动扫描哪个包。(Spring Boot默认会扫描启动类包及子包的组件,所以此处也可以不配置)
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages={"com.example.demo"})
3、生成模块
MyBatis官方也提供了生成工具(MyBaits Generator)来快速的生成MyBatis的Model、DAO、XML映射文件,另外阿里的MyBatis Plus实现此功能也很优秀。
- Mybatis Generator官网:http://www.mybatis.org/generator/index.html
- Mybatis Generator教程:https://blog.csdn.net/testcs_dn/article/details/77881776
- MyBatis Plus官网:http://mp.baomidou.com/#/
4、编写服务接口
- 在Mapper文件SysUserMapper.java中新添加一个findAll方法,用于查询所有的用户信息。
- 在映射文件SysUserMapper.xml中添加一个查询方法,编写findAll的查询语句。
- 在接口类SysUserService.java中编写用户管理接口,包含一个findAll方法。
- 在实现类SysUserServiceImpl.java中编写用户管理实现类,调用SysUserMapper方法完成查询操作。
- 在控制类SysUserController.Java中编写用户管理RESTful接口,返回JSON数据格式,提供外部调用。被
@RestController
注解的接口控制器默认使用JSON格式交互,返回JSON结果。
5、配置打包资源
XML映射文件是不在默认打包范围内的,所以需要修改一下打包资源配置。修改pom.xml,在build标签内加入形式如下的resource标签的打包配置,这样打包时就会把MyBatis映射文件也复制过去了。
6、编译运行
编译并启动应用,访问http://127.0.0.1:1111/user/findAll,可以看到查询接口成功返回了所有用户信息。
集成Spring Data JPA
1、添加依赖
Spring Boot 对于MyBaits的支持需要引入spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
的依赖。
<!--Spring Data JPA支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、修改配置
修改application.yml中的数据源和JPA配置:
spring:
datasource:
driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: 123456
jpa:
database: MySQL
database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
3、生成实体类
使用IDEA的插件生成实体类。
- 在项目结构Project Structure中添加JPA模块,点击确定。
2.使用Persistence工具生成带注解的实体类:打开Persistence工具栏, 右键项目: Generate Persistence Mapping - By Database Schema
4、启动测试
在启动服务时,若提示Could not create connection to database server. Attempted reconnect 3 times. Giving up.
错误,可用如下方法解决。
解决方案1:这是由于数据库和系统时区差异所造成的,在数据库连接字符串后面加上serverTimezone=UTC
,其中UTC是统一标准世界时间。
解决方案2:使用低版本的MySQL jdbc驱动,5.1.30版本不会存在时区的问题。
集成Druid数据源
Spring Boot默认提供了若干种可用的连接池,默认的数据源是org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource。Druid是阿里系提供的一个开源连接池,除在连接池之外,还提供了非常优秀的数据库监控和扩展功能。更多详细信息可参考官方文档,https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki。
1、添加依赖
Druid Spring Boot Starter是阿里官方提供的Spring Boot插件,用于帮助在Spring Boot项目中轻松集成Druid数据库连接池和监控。
<!--Druid数据源支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
2、修改配置
把原有的数据源配置替换成 druid 数据源并配置数据源相关参数。
# DataSource
spring:
datasource:
name: druidDataSource
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
druid:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: 123456
filters: stat,wall,log4j,config
max-active: 100
initial-size: 1
max-wait: 60000
min-idle: 1
time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
validation-query: select 'x'
test-while-idle: true
test-on-borrow: false
test-on-return: false
pool-prepared-statements: true
max-open-prepared-statements: 50
max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
参数说明:
- spring.datasource.druid.max-active 最大连接数
- spring.datasource.druid.initial-size 初始化大小
- spring.datasource.druid.min-idle 最小连接数
- spring.datasource.druid.max-wait 获取连接等待超时时间
- spring.datasource.druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis 间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
- spring.datasource.druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis 一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
- spring.datasource.druid.filters=config,stat,wall,log4j 配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面SQL无法进行统计,’wall’用于防火墙
如果需要通过定制的配置文件对Druid进行自定义属性配置,添加配置类DruidDataSourceProperties.java如下:
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.druid")
public class DruidDataSourceProperties {
// jdbc
private String driverClassName;
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
// jdbc connection pool
private int initialSize;
private int minIdle;
private int maxActive = 100;
private long maxWait;
private long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
private long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
private String validationQuery;
private boolean testWhileIdle;
private boolean testOnBorrow;
private boolean testOnReturn;
private boolean poolPreparedStatements;
private int maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
// filter
private String filters;
public int getInitialSize() {
return initialSize;
}
public void setInitialSize(int initialSize) {
this.initialSize = initialSize;
}
public int getMinIdle() {
return minIdle;
}
public void setMinIdle(int minIdle) {
this.minIdle = minIdle;
}
public int getMaxActive() {
return maxActive;
}
public void setMaxActive(int maxActive) {
this.maxActive = maxActive;
}
public long getMaxWait() {
return maxWait;
}
public void setMaxWait(long maxWait) {
this.maxWait = maxWait;
}
public long getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis() {
return timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
}
public void setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis) {
this.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
}
public long getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() {
return minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
}
public void setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
this.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
}
public String getValidationQuery() {
return validationQuery;
}
public void setValidationQuery(String validationQuery) {
this.validationQuery = validationQuery;
}
public boolean isTestWhileIdle() {
return testWhileIdle;
}
public void setTestWhileIdle(boolean testWhileIdle) {
this.testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;
}
public boolean isTestOnBorrow() {
return testOnBorrow;
}
public void setTestOnBorrow(boolean testOnBorrow) {
this.testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
}
public boolean isTestOnReturn() {
return testOnReturn;
}
public void setTestOnReturn(boolean testOnReturn) {
this.testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
}
public boolean isPoolPreparedStatements() {
return poolPreparedStatements;
}
public void setPoolPreparedStatements(boolean poolPreparedStatements) {
this.poolPreparedStatements = poolPreparedStatements;
}
public int getMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize() {
return maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
}
public void setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(int maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize) {
this.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize = maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
}
public String getFilters() {
return filters;
}
public void setFilters(String filters) {
this.filters = filters;
}
public String getDriverClassName() {
return driverClassName;
}
public void setDriverClassName(String driverClassName) {
this.driverClassName = driverClassName;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
问题:配置之后,文件上方有红色提示如下
解决方法:点击后面的 Open Documentation… 会弹出相关网站,里面有解决办法,很简单,导入对应的依赖就可以:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
Druid Spring Starter 简化了很多配置,如果默认配置满足不了你的需求,可以自定义配置。更多配置参考: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/tree/master/druid-spring-boot-starter
3、配置Servlet和Filter
在config包下新建一个DruidConfig配置类,主要是注入属性和配置连接池相关的配置,如黑白名单、监控管理后台登录账户密码等,DruidConfig.java内容如下:
package com.example.demo.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({DruidDataSourceProperties.class})
public class DruidConfig {
@Autowired
private DruidDataSourceProperties properties;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public DataSource druidDataSource() {
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(properties.getDriverClassName());
druidDataSource.setUrl(properties.getUrl());
druidDataSource.setUsername(properties.getUsername());
druidDataSource.setPassword(properties.getPassword());
druidDataSource.setInitialSize(properties.getInitialSize());
druidDataSource.setMinIdle(properties.getMinIdle());
druidDataSource.setMaxActive(properties.getMaxActive());
druidDataSource.setMaxWait(properties.getMaxWait());
druidDataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(properties.getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis());
druidDataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(properties.getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis());
druidDataSource.setValidationQuery(properties.getValidationQuery());
druidDataSource.setTestWhileIdle(properties.isTestWhileIdle());
druidDataSource.setTestOnBorrow(properties.isTestOnBorrow());
druidDataSource.setTestOnReturn(properties.isTestOnReturn());
druidDataSource.setPoolPreparedStatements(properties.isPoolPreparedStatements());
druidDataSource.setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(properties.getMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize());
try {
druidDataSource.setFilters(properties.getFilters());
druidDataSource.init();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return druidDataSource;
}
/**
* 注册Servlet信息, 配置监控视图
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public ServletRegistrationBean<Servlet> druidServlet() {
ServletRegistrationBean<Servlet> servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean<Servlet>(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
//白名单:
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("allow","");
//IP黑名单 (存在共同时,deny优先于allow) : 如果满足deny的话提示:Sorry, you are not permitted to view this page.
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("deny","");
//登录查看信息的账号密码, 用于登录Druid监控后台
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername", "admin");
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword", "admin");
//是否能够重置数据.
servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("resetEnable", "true");
return servletRegistrationBean;
}
/**
* 注册Filter信息, 监控拦截器
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> filterRegistrationBean() {
FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean<Filter>();
filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
}
- @EnableConfigurationProperties注解用于导入上一步Druid的配置信息。
- public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet()相当于Web Servlet配置。
- public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean()相当于Web Filter配置。
4、启动测试
问题:编译启动时,报错Factory method 'druidDataSource' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/Logger
。
解决方法:由于监控功能会用到log4j,所以log4j需一并引入。首先引入log4j依赖:
<!-- log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
然后进行log4j的配置,增加配置文件log4j.properties
,放在resource目录下:
### set log levels ###
log4j.rootLogger = INFO, console, infoFile, errorFile
LocationInfo = true
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern = [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS}]-[%p]:%m %x %n
log4j.appender.infoFile = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.infoFile.Threshold = INFO
log4j.appender.infoFile.File = D:/logs/log
log4j.appender.infoFile.DatePattern = '.'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'
log4j.appender.infoFile.Append = true
log4j.appender.infoFile.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.infoFile.layout.ConversionPattern = [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS}]-[%p]:%m %x %n
log4j.appender.errorFile = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.errorFile.Threshold = ERROR
log4j.appender.errorFile.File = D:/logs/error
log4j.appender.errorFile.DatePattern = '.'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'
log4j.appender.errorFile.Append = true
log4j.appender.errorFile.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.errorFile.layout.ConversionPattern = [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS}]-[%p]:%m %x %n
5、查看监控
启动应用,访问: http://127.0.0.1:1111/druid/login.html, 进入Druid监控后台页面。
问题:访问监控地址,报错Sorry, you are not permitted to view this page.
。
解决方法:连接池servlet配置中,添加白名单allow配置servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("allow","");
,若要设置多个ip可以访问连接池监控,需要用逗号分开。