K210 FreeRTOS SDK启动分析

一、目的

最近在开始使用K210 FreeRTOS SDK进行应用开发，但是在使用过程发现程序的行为和预期不一致，怀疑这个官方提供的FreeRTOS SDK适配的不是很完整，故本着学习的目的跟着代码分析一下启动过程。

二、必备知识

对freertos有一些基本了解，了解滴答时钟（tick）、任务、任务优先级、空闲任务等基本概念；知道如何配置freertos一些选项，通过修改FreeRTOSConfig.h进行配置。

diff --git a/lib/freertos/conf/FreeRTOSConfig.h b/lib/freertos/conf/FreeRTOSConfig.h
index dac0af6..14fd619 100755
--- a/lib/freertos/conf/FreeRTOSConfig.h
+++ b/lib/freertos/conf/FreeRTOSConfig.h
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@
/* clock */
#define configCPU_CLOCK_HZ uxPortGetCPUClock()
#define configTICK_CLOCK_HZ ( configCPU_CLOCK_HZ / 50 )
-#define configTICK_RATE_HZ ( ( TickType_t ) 100 )
+#define configTICK_RATE_HZ ( ( TickType_t ) 1000 )
/* multithreading */
#define configUSE_NEWLIB_REENTRANT 1
#define configUSE_PREEMPTION 1
#define configUSE_PORT_OPTIMISED_TASK_SELECTION 0
-#define configMAX_PRIORITIES ( 5 )
+#define configMAX_PRIORITIES ( 16 )
#define configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN ( 16 )
#define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY 1
#define configUSE_16_BIT_TICKS 0
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ enum
#define configMAX_CO_ROUTINE_PRIORITIES ( 2 )
/* Software timer definitions. */
-#define configUSE_TIMERS 0
-#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY ( 0 )
-#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH 2
+#define configUSE_TIMERS 1
+#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY ( configMAX_PRIORITIES - 1 )
+#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH 8
#define configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH ( configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE )

其中configTICK_RATE_HZ设置tick频率，此处修改为1000Hz，即1ms；configMAX_PRIORITIES设置系统支持的最多优先级，值越大，优先级越高，创建任务时可以配置的最大优先级为configMAX_PRIORITIES -1；configUSE_TIMERS配置系统软件定时器，即rtos实现的软件定时器，一般情况下其优先级需要设置为最大，即configMAX_PRIORITIES -1；

三、启动分析

根据教程，我们是从src/hello_world/main.c程序开始熟悉sdk的调用。

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello K210!!!\n");
while (1);
} 

此处有个疑问，谁调用了main？rtos是否已经启动了？

针对以上疑问，我们做了这样一个尝试。

#include <stdio.h>
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "task.h"
static void task_0(void *args) {
while (1) {
printf("task 0 is polling\n");
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
vTaskDelete(NULL);
}
static void task_1(void *args) {
while (1) {
printf("task 1 is polling\n");
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
vTaskDelete(NULL);
}
int main() {
printf("Hello K210!!!\n");
xTaskCreateAtProcessor(0, task_0, "task0", 1024, NULL, 5, NULL);
xTaskCreateAtProcessor(0, task_1, "task1", 1024, NULL, 5, NULL);
while (1) {
printf("main is polling\n");
vTaskDelay(2000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
}

我们在core 0上面创建了两个任务，并且在mian函数里面也有循环打印。通过编译烧写验证后，确认rtos已经正常工作。

我们知道freertos是通过vTaskStartScheduler接口调用开启多任务调度的，我们跟踪源码lib/freertos/os_entry.c

/* Copyright 2018 Canaan Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "core_sync.h"
#include "kernel/device_priv.h"
#include "task.h"
#include <clint.h>
#include <encoding.h>
#include <fpioa.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct
{
int (*user_main)(int, char **);
int ret;
} main_thunk_param_t;
extern void __libc_init_array(void);
extern void __libc_fini_array(void);
static StaticTask_t s_idle_task[portNUM_PROCESSORS];
static StackType_t s_idle_task_stack[portNUM_PROCESSORS][configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE];
static StaticTask_t s_timer_task[portNUM_PROCESSORS];
static StackType_t s_timer_task_stack[portNUM_PROCESSORS][configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE];
void start_scheduler(int core_id);
int __attribute__((weak)) configure_fpioa()
{
return 0;
}
static void main_thunk(void *p)
{
/* Register finalization function */
atexit(__libc_fini_array);
/* Init libc array for C++ */
__libc_init_array();
install_hal();
install_drivers();
configure_fpioa();
main_thunk_param_t *param = (main_thunk_param_t *)p;
param->ret = param->user_main(0, 0);
}
static void os_entry_core1()
{
clear_csr(mie, MIP_MTIP);
clint_ipi_enable();
set_csr(mstatus, MSTATUS_MIE);
vTaskStartScheduler();
}
int os_entry(int (*user_main)(int, char **))
{
clear_csr(mie, MIP_MTIP);
clint_ipi_enable();
set_csr(mstatus, MSTATUS_MIE);
TaskHandle_t mainTask;
main_thunk_param_t param = {};
param.user_main = user_main;
if (xTaskCreate(main_thunk, "Core 0 Main", configMAIN_TASK_STACK_SIZE, &param, configMAIN_TASK_PRIORITY, &mainTask) != pdPASS)
{
return -1;
}
core_sync_awaken((uintptr_t)os_entry_core1);
vTaskStartScheduler();
return param.ret;
}
void vApplicationIdleHook(void)
{
}
void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory(StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize)
{
UBaseType_t uxPsrId = uxPortGetProcessorId();
/* Pass out a pointer to the StaticTask_t structure in which the Idle task's
state will be stored. */
*ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer = &s_idle_task[uxPsrId];
/* Pass out the array that will be used as the Idle task's stack. */
*ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer = s_idle_task_stack[uxPsrId];
/* Pass out the size of the array pointed to by *ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer.
Note that, as the array is necessarily of type StackType_t,
configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE is specified in words, not bytes. */
*pulIdleTaskStackSize = configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE;
}
void vApplicationGetTimerTaskMemory(StaticTask_t **ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulTimerTaskStackSize)
{
UBaseType_t uxPsrId = uxPortGetProcessorId();
/* Pass out a pointer to the StaticTask_t structure in which the Idle task's
state will be stored. */
*ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer = &s_timer_task[uxPsrId];
/* Pass out the array that will be used as the Idle task's stack. */
*ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer = s_timer_task_stack[uxPsrId];
/* Pass out the size of the array pointed to by *ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer.
Note that, as the array is necessarily of type StackType_t,
configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE is specified in words, not bytes. */
*pulTimerTaskStackSize = configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH;
}
void vApplicationStackOverflowHook(TaskHandle_t xTask, char *pcTaskName)
{
configASSERT(!"Stackoverflow !");
}

我们看到os_entry这个函数里面调用了vTaskStartScheduler，并且在调用之前，创建了一个main_thunk任务并且同时调用core_sync_awaken((uintptr_t)os_entry_core1);这个os_entry_core1内部又调用了vTaskStartScheduler，开启了core 1的多任务调度。main_thunk任务内部执行了一些系统初始化操作（hal/drivers/fpioa）,然后执行user_main函数，这个函数就是os_entry函数的入参，我们继续跟踪，发现lib/bsp/entry_user.c这个里面的_init_bsp调用了os_entry(main)，此处的main即src/hello_world/main.c里面main函数，另外通过汇编代码跟踪，我们发现lib/bsp/crt.S这个里面调用了_init_bsp。

至此我们完成了整个系统rtos的启动过程。