Delphi中的多线程编程问题的说明

先看如下代码：

程序作用:初始化整数数组，升序排列，第一个线程先从1-128,第二个线程则重新初始化数组为128-256。

我们把最后一个线程（即第二个线程）的初始化结果显示在列表容器里。

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs, StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    ListBox1: TListBox;
    Button1: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    procedure ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

  TFooThread = class(TThread)
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

const
  MaxSize = 128;

var
  NextNumber : Integer = 0;
  DoneFlag : Integer = 0;
  GlobalArray : array[1..MaxSize] of Integer;

function getNextNumber : Integer;
begin
  Result := NextNumber;

  Inc(NextNumber);
end;

procedure TFooThread.Execute;
var
  I : Integer;
begin
  OnTerminate := Form1.ThreadsDone;
  for I := 1 to MaxSize do
  begin
    GlobalArray[I] := getNextNumber;
    Sleep(5);
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
var
  I : Integer;
begin
  Inc(DoneFlag);
  if DoneFlag = 2 then
    for I := 1 to MaxSize do
      ListBox1.Items.Add(IntToStr(GlobalArray[I]));
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  TFooThread.Create(false);
  TFooThread.Create(false);
end;

end.

 

然而上面的代码却没有很好的显示出结果。问题出在2根线程同时抢占了数组。

解决的办法是让2个线程同步访问全局数组。

方案如下：

1.使用临界区。

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs, StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    ListBox1: TListBox;
    Button1: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    procedure ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

  TFooThread = class(TThread)
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

const
  MaxSize = 128;

var
  NextNumber : Integer = 0;
  DoneFlag : Integer = 0;
  GlobalArray : array[1..MaxSize] of Integer;
  CS : TRTLCriticalSection;

function getNextNumber : Integer;
begin
  Result := NextNumber;
  Inc(NextNumber);
end;

procedure TFooThread.Execute;
var
  I : Integer;
begin
  OnTerminate := Form1.ThreadsDone;
  EnterCriticalSection(CS);
  for I := 1 to MaxSize do
  begin
    GlobalArray[I] := getNextNumber;
    Sleep(5);
  end;
  LeaveCriticalSection(CS);
end;

procedure TForm1.ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
var
  I : Integer;
begin
  Inc(DoneFlag);
  if DoneFlag = 2 then
  begin
    for I := 1 to MaxSize do
      ListBox1.Items.Add(IntToStr(GlobalArray[I]));
    DeleteCriticalSection(CS);

  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  InitializeCriticalSection(CS);
  TFooThread.Create(false);
  TFooThread.Create(false);
end;

end.

2.使用互斥量

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs, StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    ListBox1: TListBox;
    Button1: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    procedure ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

  TFooThread = class(TThread)
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

const
  MaxSize = 128;

var
  NextNumber : Integer = 0;
  DoneFlag : Integer = 0;
  GlobalArray : array[1..MaxSize] of Integer;
  hMutex : THandle = 0;

function getNextNumber : Integer;
begin
  Result := NextNumber;
  Inc(NextNumber);
end;

procedure TFooThread.Execute;
var
  I : Integer;
begin
//  FreeOnTerminate := True;
  OnTerminate := Form1.ThreadsDone;
  if WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
  begin
    for I := 1 to MaxSize do
    begin
      GlobalArray[I] := getNextNumber;
      Sleep(5);
    end;
  end;

  ReleaseMutex(hMutex);

end;

procedure TForm1.ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
var
  I : Integer;
begin
  Inc(DoneFlag);
  if DoneFlag = 2 then
  begin
    for I := 1 to MaxSize do
      ListBox1.Items.Add(IntToStr(GlobalArray[I]));
    CloseHandle(hMutex);
  end;

end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  hMutex := CreateMutex(nil, False, nil);
  TFooThread.Create(false);
  TFooThread.Create(false);
end;

end.

 

3.使用信号量

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs, StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    ListBox1: TListBox;
    Button1: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    procedure ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

  TFooThread = class(TThread)
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

const
  MaxSize = 128;

var
  NextNumber : Integer = 0;
  DoneFlag : Integer = 0;
  GlobalArray : array[1..MaxSize] of Integer;
  hSem : THandle = 0;

function getNextNumber : Integer;
begin
  Result := NextNumber;
  Inc(NextNumber);
end;

procedure TFooThread.Execute;
var
  I : Integer;
begin
  OnTerminate := Form1.ThreadsDone;
  if WaitForSingleObject(hSem, INFINITE) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
  begin
    for I := 1 to MaxSize do
    begin
      GlobalArray[I] := getNextNumber;
      Sleep(5);
    end;
  end;
  ReleaseSemaphore(hSem, 1, nil);

end;

procedure TForm1.ThreadsDone(Sender: TObject);
var
  I : Integer;
begin
  Inc(DoneFlag);
  if DoneFlag = 2 then
  begin
    for I := 1 to MaxSize do
      ListBox1.Items.Add(IntToStr(GlobalArray[I]));
    CloseHandle(hSem);
  end;

end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  hSem := CreateSemaphore(nil, 1, 1, nil);
  TFooThread.Create(false);
  TFooThread.Create(false);
end;

end.