RoR读书笔记 --- Active Record Validations and Callbacks

Validates:

1)  :acceptance  --- Validates that a checkbox on the user interface was checked when a form was submitted

可以用于诸如对用户在页面上同意所列合同条款等(checkbox)的确认，可以是虚拟字段

这里需要借助一下前面创建的model --- person http://blog.csdn.net/kunshan_shenbin/article/details/7259246

在model里添加：validates :terms, :acceptance => true

在页面上添加checkbox：

<div class="field">
    <%= f.label :terms %>
    <%= f.check_box :terms %>
</div>

当页面提交时会触发验证，报告：Terms must be accepted

2) :validates_associated  --- when your model has associations with other models and they also need to be validated

3) :confirmation --- when you have two text fields that should receive exactly the same content

注意：程序会自动创建一个虚拟字段(name = 所需确认的字段名称后接 ' _confirmation ' )

View：

<%= text_field :person, :email %>
<%= text_field :person, :email_confirmation %>

Model：

validates :email, :confirmation => true
validates :email_confirmation, :presence => true

4) :inclusion 和 :exclusion （包括和排除）

:inclusion --- the attributes’ values are not included in a given set

:exclusion --- the attributes’ values are included in a given set

示例：

validates :name, :exclusion => { :in => %w(a, b, c)}    #表示name不能是a,b或者c

5) :format --- the attributes’ values by testing whether they match a given regular expression, which is specified using the :with option

正则表达式验证：

validates :legacy_code, :format => { :with => /\A[a-zA-Z]+\z/, :message => "Only letters allowed" }

6) :length --- 长度限制

7) :numericality --- 数字

8) :presence --- 不能为空

9) :uniqueness --- 表示该字段在数据库中不能重复出现

10) :validates_with 和 :validates_each

:validates_with --- 需要自定义验证类来验证

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates_with GoodnessValidator, :fields => [:first_name, :last_name]
end
 
class GoodnessValidator < ActiveModel::Validator
  def validate(record)
    if options[:fields].any?{|field| record.send(field) == "Evil" }
      record.errors[:base] << "This person is evil"
    end
  end
end

:validates_each --- 使用ruby block验证

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates_each :name, :surname do |record, attr, value|
    record.errors.add(attr, 'must start with upper case') if value =~ /\A[a-z]/
  end
end

callback

Creating an Object
before_validation
after_validation
before_save
around_save
before_create
around_create
after_create
after_save

Updating an Object
before_validation
after_validation
before_save
around_save
before_update
around_update
after_update
after_save

Destroying an Object
before_destroy
around_destroy
after_destroy

Observers

通过Observers，我们不需要修改model来实现callback.

譬如我们有这样的需求：每当创建一个新用户的时候发送一封邮件。

rails generate observer User

class UserObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
  def after_create(model)
    # code to send confirmation email...
  end
end

在config/application.rb中注册这个Observers.

# Activate observers that should always be running.
config.active_record.observers = :user_observer

如果不想在所有环境中都让他工作，我们可以把上面的代码加到对应的环境配置文件中，譬如development.rb。

如果需要共享Observers，我们可以这么做：

class MailerObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
  observe :registration, :user
 
  def after_create(model)
    # code to send confirmation email...
  end
end

当然，我们不能忘记注册他：

# Activate observers that should always be running.
config.active_record.observers = :mailer_observer

参考资料：http://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_validations_callbacks.html