keepalived安装教程

Keepalived安装前需要的环境：wget、gcc、opensll、zlib、popt-devel（其中前四个已在Nginx安装配置中讲解过，在此只将popt-devel）
（1）popt-devel 用于从外网上下载插件
①检查系统中是否已y经安装popt，使用命令man popt 若出现下图popt相关描述则说明系统中已经安装popt 若报系统找不到命令说明popt未安装

②若popt未安装则进行安装，安装命令: yum install –y popt-devel

Keepalived的安装及配置:
（1） 进入一个目录（随便一个目录即可，用来存放下载的Keepalived的包，在此以/root目录为例）命令cd /root
（2） 下载keepalived安装包 ,本文用例keepalived1.3.4（目前最新版本为keepalived-1.3.9通过官网http://www.keepalived.org/softwar命令:
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.4.tar.gz

（3）解压keepalived-1.3.4.tar.gz 命令: tar -zxvf keepalived-1.3.4.tar.gz

（4）进入刚解压的目录 命令:cd keepalived-1.3.4

（5）进行相关配置（后半部分指定安装目录）命令:
./configure -prefix=/usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4

若出现问题:

解决办法:
a.对rpm进行清理 命令: yum clean all

b.重新安装openssl 命令: yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

c.重新执行命令:./configure -prefix=/usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4

（6）编译和安装 命令:make && make install

（7）建立服务启动脚本，以便使用service命令控制，将路径为root/keepalived-1.3.4/keepalived/etc/init.d的文件keepalived拷贝到/etc/init.d下，具体命令:cp /root/keepalived-1.3.4/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived

（8）由于安装使用非默认路径（本教程中使用的/usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4）故需修改相关路径，保证keepalived能正常启动;文件 /etc/init.d/keepalived 大约15行位置将. /etc/sysconfig/keepalived 修改为. /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/etc/sysconfig/keepalived，可以直接用文本编辑器打开来修改。


（9）配置环境变量（将keepavlied主程序所在路径导入到环境变量PATH中）命令: vi /etc/profile 加入相关内容export PATH=/usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/sbin:$PATH(其中# add keepalived path为注释)


（10）用命令:source /etc/profile 使修改的环境变量生效

用命令: export 进行检查:

（11）建立可执行文件链接 命令: ln -s /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

（12）修改keepalived配置文命令: vi /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
关于配置文件内容,一会和nginx的一块,在下面结合实际部署来讲解
（13）编写配置文件中涉及到的监控Nginx脚本;（本教程以目录是在/usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4 下创建nginx_check.sh为例）
①创建文件命令:vi /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/nginx_check.sh

②编写内容并保存：

脚本如下也可直接使用：

nxPidNum=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`
keepalivedPidNum=`ps -C keepalived --no-header |wc -l`             
if [ $nxPidNum -eq 0 ];then                             
    /usr/local/nginx-1.10.3/sbin/nginx  
    sleep 3  
    if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then  
       killall keepalived                     
    elif [$keepalivedPidNum -eq 0 ];then
       service keepalived start
    fi  
elif [ $keepalivedPidNum -eq 0 ];then
    service keepalived start
fi

③进入到相应目录下将监控Nginx编写的脚本提升权限为可执行文件，本例以/usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4 目录下的nginx_check.sh为例;命令: chmod +x nginx_check.sh 再检查看文件是否变颜色，变颜色则说明为可执行文件

（14）修改相应文件，设置正确启动参数命令:vi /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/etc/sysconfig/keepalived 修改的路径为安装路径下的配置文件修改内容: KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS=”-D -f /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf”

（15）将修改好的keepalived拷贝到/etc/etc/sysconfig 目录下 命令:
cp /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

（16）测试:
①启动 命令: service keepalived start

②查看keepalived运行状态，命令: service keepalived status
提示：在配置Keepalived.conf时，需要特别注意配置文件的语法格式，因为Keepalived在启动时并不检测配置文件的正确性，即使没有配置文件，Keepalived也照样能够启动，所以一定要保证配置文件正确。只要下面出现提示信息为running证明成功

③停止keepalived 命令: service keepalived stop

（17）遇到问题和解决方案:
1. 问题:启动服务失败

2. 查找方案:
A:查看状态

B:查看keepalived配置文件 默认是在/var/log/messages中命令: tail -f /var/log/messages

C. 提示应该是配置文件的问题，核实配置文件，发现网卡写错了

D. 检查本机网卡的命令:ip addr 改正后即可

（18）扩展:对Keepalived的日志输出进行指定（非必做步骤）:
①原因: 以前配置keepalived时候所有的日志都是写入到/var/log/message下的，由于message的日志太多了而keepalived的日志又很那分离出来。
②操作步骤:
A. 修改/etc/sysconfig目录下的keepalived文件，命令: vi /etc/sysconfig/keepalived，将KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS修改为KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS=”-f /usr/local/keepalived-1.3.4/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf -D -d -S 0”

B. 修改/etc下的rsyslog.conf文件，命令: vi /etc/rsyslog.conf，进行如下的修改需要注意的是重定位的日志目录/var/log下没问题，其他目录会有问题

C. 重启系统的日志服务 命令: service rsyslog restart

③测试:
A. 将Keepalived服务重启

B. 查看文件是否存在，若存在则说明日志修改成功 命令: vi /var/log/keepalived.log