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<h2><a name="t0"></a><a id="_0"></a>前言</h2>
typeof() 是GUN C提供的一种特性,可参考C-Extensions,它可以取得变量的类型,或者表达式的类型。
本文总结了typeof()关键字的常见用法,并给出了相应的例子,以加深理解 。
typeof()关键字常见用法
typeof()关键字常见用法一共有以下几种。
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不用知道函数返回什么类型,可以使用typeof()定义一个用于接收该函数返回值的变量
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h>
struct apple{
int weight;
int color;
};
struct apple get_apple_info()
{
struct apple a1;
a1 = malloc(sizeof(struct apple));
if(a1 == NULL)
{
printf(“malloc error.\n”);
return;
}
a1<span class="token operator">-></span>weight <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a1<span class="token operator">-></span>color <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> a1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
typeof(get_apple_info()) r1;//定义一个变量r1,用于接收函数get_apple_info()返回的值,由于该函数返回的类型是:struct apple *,所以变量r1也是该类型。注意,函数不会执行。
r1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">get_apple_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"apple weight:%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> r1<span class="token operator">-></span>weight<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"apple color:%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> r1<span class="token operator">-></span>color<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
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在宏定义中动态获取相关结构体成员的类型
如下代码,定义一个和变量x相同类型的临时变量_max1,定义一个和变量y相同类型的临时变量_max2,再判断两者类型是否一致,不一致给出一个警告,最后比较两者。
#define max(x, y) ({ \ typeof(x) _max1 = (x); \ typeof(y) _max2 = (y); \ (void) (&_max1 == &_max2); \//如果调用者传参时,两者类型不一致,在编译时就会发出警告。 _max1 > _max2 ? _max1 : _max2; })
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如下代码,传入的a和b不是同一类型。
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int a=3; float b = 4.0; int r = max(a, b);
<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"r:%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> r<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
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此时编译就会出现警告
[root@xx c_base]# gcc test.c test.c: 在函数‘main’中: test.c:43: 警告:比较不相关的指针时缺少类型转换
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也可直接取得已知类型
如下代码,定义了一个int类型的指针p,像这种用法主没什么太大的意义了。
int a = 2; typeof (int *) p; p = &a; printf("%d\n", *p);
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其它用法
//其它用法1 char *p1; typeof (*p1) ch = 'a'; //ch为char类型,不是char *类型。 printf("%d, %c\n", sizeof(ch), ch);//1, a
<span class="token comment">//其它用法2</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>p2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">typeof</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> p <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"hello world"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//此时的p才是char *类型,由于在64位机器上,所以指针大小为8字节</span> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d, %s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//8, hello world</span>
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总结
以上例子并没有穷举所有的情况,但其核心用法基本上就会了,其它的例子也可参考网上的例子。
参考文章
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