2章编程题-C语言程序设计：现代方法（第2版）课后答案

2.1

编写一个程序，使用printf在屏幕上显示下面的图形：

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    
    printf("       *\n");
    printf("      * \n");
    printf("     *  \n");
    printf("*   *   \n");
    printf(" * *    \n");
    printf("  *     \n");

    return 0;
}

 2.2

        编写一个计算球体体积的程序，其中球体半径为10 m，参考公式v = 4/3r 3 。注意，分数4/3应写为4.0f/3.0f。（如果分数写成4/3会产生什么结果？）提示：C语言没有指数运算符，所以需要对r自乘两次来计算r 3 。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {

    printf("Sphere volume: %.2f cubic meters\n", 4.0f/3.0f * 3.14f * 1000);
    return 0;
}

2.3

         修改上题中的程序，使用户可以自行录入球体的半径。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {

    int r = 0;

    printf("Enter radius: ");
    scanf("%d", &r);

    printf("\nSphere volume: %.2f cubic meters\n",
           4.0f/3.0f * 3.14f * r * r * r);
    return 0;
}

2.4 

        编写一个程序，要求用户输入一个美元数量，然后显示出增加5%税率后的相应金额。格式如下所示：
Enter an amount: 100.00
With tax added: $105.00

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {

    float money = 0.0f;
    printf("Enter an amount: ");
    scanf("%f", &money);
    printf("With tax added: $%.2f\n", money * 1.05f);

    return 0;
}

2.5

        编程要求用户输入x的值，然后显示如下多项式的值：
提示：C语言没有指数运算符，所以需要对x进行自乘来计算其幂。（例如，x*x*x就是x的三次方。）

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {

    int x = 0;

    printf("Enter value for x: ");
    scanf("%d", &x);
    printf("Result: %d\n",
           (3 * x * x * x * x * x) + (2 * x * x * x * x) - (5 * x * x * x)
           - (x * x) + (7 * x) - 6);

    return 0;
}

2.6

        修改上题，用如下公式对多项式求值：

((((3x + 2) x - 5)x - 1)x + 7)x - 6
注意，修改后的程序所需的乘法次数减少了。这种多项式求值方法即Horner法则（Horner’s Rule）。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {

    int x = 0;

    printf("Enter value for x: ");
    scanf("%d", &x);
    printf("Result: %d\n",
           ((((3 * x + 2) * x - 5) * x - 1) * x + 7) * x - 6);

    return 0;
}

2.7        

        编写一个程序，要求用户输入一个美金数量，然后显示出如何用最少的20美元、10美元、5美元和1
美元来付款：
Enter a dollar amount: 93
$20 bills: 4
$10 bills: 1
$5 bills: 0
$1 bills: 3
提示：将付款金额除以20，确定20美元的数量，然后从付款金额中减去20美元的总金额。对其他面值的钞票重复这一操作。确保在程序中始终使用整数值，不要用浮点数。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {

    int money = 0;

    printf("Enter a dollar amount: ");
    scanf("%d", &money);

    printf("$20 bills: %d\n", money/20);
    money -= 20 * (money/20);

    printf("$10 bills: %d\n", money/10);
    money -= 10 * (money/10);

    printf(" $5 bills: %d\n", money/5);
    money -= 5 * (money/5);

    printf(" $1 bills: %d\n", money);

    return 0;
}

2.8

        编程计算第一、第二、第三个月还贷后剩余的贷款金额：
Enter amount of loan: 20000.00
Enter interest rate: 6.0
Enter monthly payment: 386.66
Balance remaining after first payment: $19713.34
Balance remaining after second payment: $19425.25
Balance remaining after third payment: $19135.71
在显示每次还款后的余额时保留两位小数。提示：每个月的贷款余额减去还款金额后，还需要加上贷款余额与月利率的乘积。月利率的计算方法是把用户输入的利率转换成百分数再除以12。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {

    float loan = 0.0f,
          rate = 0.0f,
          payment = 0.0f;

    printf("Enter amount of loan: ");
    scanf("%f", &loan);

    printf("Enter interest rate: ");
    scanf("%f", &rate);

    printf("Enter monthly payment: ");
    scanf("%f", &payment);


    loan = loan - payment + (loan * rate / 100.0 / 12.0);
    printf("Balance remaining after first payment: $%.2f\n", loan);

    
    loan = loan - payment + (loan * rate / 100.0 / 12.0);
    printf("Balance remaining after second payment: $%.2f\n", loan); 

    loan = loan - payment + (loan * rate / 100.0 / 12.0);
    printf("Balance remaining after third payment: $%.2f\n", loan);

    return 0;
}