一:手写equals和hashCode
1:创建学生实体类并手写equals和hashCode方法
public class StudentA {
/**名字*/
private String name;
/**年龄*/
private int age ;
/**性别*/
private String sex ;
/**是否有车*/
private boolean hasCar;
public StudentA() {
}
public StudentA(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public boolean equals(Object o){
if(this==o){
return true;
}
if(o==null || this.getClass()!=o.getClass()){
return false;
}
StudentA studentA = (StudentA) o;
return this.age==studentA.age
&& this.name.equals(studentA.name)
&& (this.sex==null?"":this.sex).equals(studentA.sex)
&& this.hasCar==(studentA.hasCar);
}
public int hashCode(){
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result= prime * result +age;
result=prime * result + ((name==null)?0:name.hashCode());
result=prime * result + ((sex==null)?0:sex.hashCode());
result=prime * result + (hasCar ? 1231 : 1237);
return result;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public boolean isHasCar() {
return hasCar;
}
public void setHasCar(boolean hasCar) {
this.hasCar = hasCar;
}
}
二: 重写equals和hashCode的原因(参考三:分析Object的equals和hashCode)
1:测试hashCode方法和equals方法
理论一: hashCode不相同,两个对象就不相同
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StudentA studentA1 = new StudentA("护士");
studentA1.setAge(18);
StudentA studentA2 = new StudentA("护士");
studentA1.setAge(19);
System.err.println("studentA1对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA1.hashCode());
System.err.println("studentA2对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA2.hashCode());
System.err.println("比较对象:"+ studentA1.equals(studentA2));
}
}
理论一输出:
studentA1对象的hashCode值:775648362
studentA2对象的hashCode值:775082333
比较对象:false
理论二: hashCode相同,两个对象不一定相同
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StudentA studentA1 = new StudentA("护士");
StudentA studentA2 = new StudentA("护士");
System.err.println("studentA1对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA1.hashCode());
System.err.println("studentA2对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA2.hashCode());
System.err.println("比较对象:"+ studentA1.equals(studentA2));
}
}
理论二输出:
studentA1对象的hashCode值:775082333
studentA2对象的hashCode值:775082333
比较对象:false
理论三: equals相同,hashCode一定相同,两个对象一定相同
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StudentA studentA1 = new StudentA("护士");
studentA1.setAge(18);
studentA1.setHasCar(false);
studentA1.setSex("男");
StudentA studentA2 = new StudentA("护士");
studentA2.setAge(18);
studentA2.setHasCar(false);
studentA2.setSex("男");
System.err.println("studentA1对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA1.hashCode());
System.err.println("studentA2对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA2.hashCode());
System.err.println("比较对象:"+ studentA1.equals(studentA2));
}
}
理论三输出:
studentA1对象的hashCode值:776548788
studentA2对象的hashCode值:776548788
比较对象:true
2:特殊hashCode方法和equals方法(自定义需求,如果名字相同的两个对象认为是同一个人)
public class StudentA {
/**名字*/
private String name;
/**年龄*/
private int age ;
/**性别*/
private String sex ;
/**是否有车*/
private boolean hasCar;
public StudentA() {
}
public StudentA(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public boolean equals(Object o){
if(this==o){
return true;
}
if(o==null || this.getClass()!=o.getClass()){
return false;
}
StudentA studentA = (StudentA) o;
return this.name.equals(studentA.name);
}
public int hashCode(){
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result=prime * result + ((name==null)?0:name.hashCode());
return result;
}
}
3:特殊hashCode方法和equals方法测试
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StudentA studentA1 = new StudentA("护士");
StudentA studentA2 = new StudentA("护士");
System.err.println("studentA1对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA1.hashCode());
System.err.println("studentA2对象的hashCode值:"+ studentA2.hashCode());
System.err.println("比较对象:"+ studentA1.equals(studentA2));
}
}
studentA1对象的hashCode值:805606
studentA2对象的hashCode值:805606
比较对象:true
三:分析Object的equals和hashCode
1:通过分析Object的equals方法,能够看到Object中equals比较的是地址值,如果在子类中不覆写equals,就会调用父类Object中的equals方法,因比较内存地址值而导致两个对象不等,但是在实际开发中存在两个不同的实体,在业务逻辑上是相同的,如果不覆写equals,不足以满足开发条件
2:覆写了equals方法,必须覆写hashCode,因为“相等的对象必须具有相等的散列码”
四:总结
- 注意点:比较两个对象先判断hashCode值,当hashCode值相同才会去比较equals,如果hashCode值不相同,直接返回false,不会去比较equals
- 注意点:equals是绝对的,hashCode是辅助条件
- 结论:①:如果两个对象的equals是相同的,那么他们的hashCode也是相同的
②:如果两个对象的equals不相同,那么他们的hashCode有可能是相同的
③:如果两个对象的hashCode是相同的,两个对象不一定是相同的
④:如果两个对象的hashCode不相同,两个对象一定不相同