ACM-ICPC 2018 焦作赛区网络预赛L. Poor God Water（矩阵快速幂）

L. Poor God Water

//您们的杜教BM模板。不知道会不会被我们查重全部卡下去。重复率都是百分百。

//但是真好用

//真香

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i,a,n) for (int i=a;i<n;i++)
#define per(i,a,n) for (int i=n-1;i>=a;i--)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
const ll mod = 1000000007;
ll powmod(ll a, ll b) { ll res = 1; a %= mod; assert(b >= 0); for (; b; b >>= 1) { if (b & 1)res = res * a%mod; a = a * a%mod; }return res; }
// head

int _;
ll n;
namespace linear_seq {
	const int N = 10010;
	ll res[N], base[N], _c[N], _md[N];

	vector<int> Md;
	void mul(ll *a, ll *b, int k) {
		rep(i, 0, k + k) _c[i] = 0;
		rep(i, 0, k) if (a[i]) rep(j, 0, k) _c[i + j] = (_c[i + j] + a[i] * b[j]) % mod;
		for (int i = k + k - 1; i >= k; i--) if (_c[i])
			rep(j, 0, SZ(Md)) _c[i - k + Md[j]] = (_c[i - k + Md[j]] - _c[i] * _md[Md[j]]) % mod;
		rep(i, 0, k) a[i] = _c[i];
	}
	int solve(ll n, VI a, VI b) { // a 系数 b 初值 b[n+1]=a[0]*b[n]+...
								  //        printf("%d\n",SZ(b));
		ll ans = 0, pnt = 0;
		int k = SZ(a);
		assert(SZ(a) == SZ(b));
		rep(i, 0, k) _md[k - 1 - i] = -a[i]; _md[k] = 1;
		Md.clear();
		rep(i, 0, k) if (_md[i] != 0) Md.push_back(i);
		rep(i, 0, k) res[i] = base[i] = 0;
		res[0] = 1;
		while ((1ll << pnt) <= n) pnt++;
		for (int p = pnt; p >= 0; p--) {
			mul(res, res, k);
			if ((n >> p) & 1) {
				for (int i = k - 1; i >= 0; i--) res[i + 1] = res[i]; res[0] = 0;
				rep(j, 0, SZ(Md)) res[Md[j]] = (res[Md[j]] - res[k] * _md[Md[j]]) % mod;
			}
		}
		rep(i, 0, k) ans = (ans + res[i] * b[i]) % mod;
		if (ans<0) ans += mod;
		return ans;
	}
	VI BM(VI s) {
		VI C(1, 1), B(1, 1);
		int L = 0, m = 1, b = 1;
		rep(n, 0, SZ(s)) {
			ll d = 0;
			rep(i, 0, L + 1) d = (d + (ll)C[i] * s[n - i]) % mod;
			if (d == 0) ++m;
			else if (2 * L <= n) {
				VI T = C;
				ll c = mod - d * powmod(b, mod - 2) % mod;
				while (SZ(C)<SZ(B) + m) C.pb(0);
				rep(i, 0, SZ(B)) C[i + m] = (C[i + m] + c * B[i]) % mod;
				L = n + 1 - L; B = T; b = d; m = 1;
			}
			else {
				ll c = mod - d * powmod(b, mod - 2) % mod;
				while (SZ(C)<SZ(B) + m) C.pb(0);
				rep(i, 0, SZ(B)) C[i + m] = (C[i + m] + c * B[i]) % mod;
				++m;
			}
		}
		return C;
	}
	int gao(VI a, ll n) {
		VI c = BM(a);
		c.erase(c.begin());
		rep(i, 0, SZ(c)) c[i] = (mod - c[i]) % mod;
		return solve(n, c, VI(a.begin(), a.begin() + SZ(c)));
	}
};

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
	while(t--){
		scanf("%lld", &n);
		printf("%d\n", linear_seq::gao(VI{ 3, 9, 20, 46, 106, 244, 560, 1286, 2956, 6794 }, n - 1));
	}
}

//3,9,20,46,106,244,560,1286,2956

 

矩阵快速幂：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define clr(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a))
#define line cout<<"----------"<<endl
 
typedef long long ll;
const ll Mod = 1000000007;
const ll maxn = 1e5+10;
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const ll MAXN = 1e6+10;
const ll N = 4;
 
struct Matrix{//定义N*N的矩阵
    ll m[N][N];
};
ll n, ans;
Matrix Mul(Matrix a,Matrix b)//定义矩阵的乘法
{
    Matrix c;
    memset(c.m, 0, sizeof(c.m));
    for(ll i=0; i<N; i++)
        for(ll j=0; j<N; j++)
            for(ll k=0; k<N; k++)
                c.m[i][j] = (c.m[i][j] + (a.m[i][k]*b.m[k][j])%Mod + Mod)%Mod;//根据题意取模
    return c;
}
Matrix fastm(Matrix a,ll n) {//矩阵的快速幂
    Matrix res;
    memset(res.m, 0, sizeof(res.m));
    res.m[0][0] = res.m[1][1] = res.m[2][2] = res.m[3][3] = 1;
    while(n){//快速幂
        if(n & 1)
            res = Mul(res, a);
        a = Mul(a, a);
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
int main(){
 	ll t;
 	scanf("%lld", &t);
 	Matrix tot ;
    memset(tot.m,0,sizeof(tot.m));
    tot.m[0][0]  = 106; tot.m[1][0] = 46;
    tot.m[2][0] = 20; tot.m[3][0] = 9;
    Matrix a = {
        2,-1,3,2,
        1,0,0,0,
        0,1,0,0,
        0,0,1,0,
    };
 	while(t--){
        scanf("%lld", &n);
        if(n <= 5){
            if(n == 5) ans = 106;
            else if(n == 4) ans = 46;
            else if(n == 3) ans = 20;
            else if(n == 2) ans = 9;
            else if(n == 1) ans = 3;
        }
        else{
            Matrix res  = fastm(a, n-5);
            res = Mul(res, tot);
            ans = res.m[0][0] % Mod;
        }
        printf("%lld\n", ans);
 	}
	return 0;
}