【C++】new运算符

new是个运算符 使用：= new 类型（初始值）；

malloc和new的区别：

1.malloc是开辟内存单元的库函数；new是运算符，运算符可以重载。二者开辟的空间都在堆中
2.malloc不会调用构造函数；new会调用构造函数和析构函数（给空间并初始化）
3.new不用强制类型转换,应用比较简单，new申请内存无需指定内存大小

new申请数组时释放空间必须用delete[]，如果只delete一个会出错。

class A
{
public:
	A(int i = 0) { cout << "A" << endl; }
	~A() { cout << "~A" << endl; }
};
void main()
{
/*  
    A* p = NULL;
	p = (A*)malloc(sizeof(A)); //只是开辟空间
	*p = 10;//这里会调用构造函数
	free(p); //只是释放空间
	p = NULL;
*/

/*	
    A* p = new A(20);
	new A;//构造一个匿名类
	delete p;
*/
	A* p = new A[5];  //new了一个对象数组 5个对象
	delete[]p;
}

实际使用的例子

class Date
{
public:
	Date(int y, int m, int d) :m_year(y), m_month(m), m_day(d) {}
	void print()
	{
		cout << m_year << "/" << m_month << "/" << m_day << endl;
	}
private:
	int m_year;
	int m_month;
	int m_day;
};
class Student
{
public:
	Student(int num, const char* name, char sex, int y, int m, int d) :m_num(num), m_sex(sex), birthday(y, m, d)//name指针需要申请空间，不能在此初始化
	{
		m_name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
		strcpy_s(m_name, strlen(name) + 1, name);
	}
	~Student()
	{
		if (m_name != NULL)
		{
			delete[]m_name;
			m_name = NULL;
		}
	}
	void Show()
	{
		cout << m_num << " " << m_name << " " << m_sex << " ";
		birthday.print();
	}
private:
	int m_num;
	char* m_name;
	char m_sex;
	Date birthday;
};

void main()
{
	Student s1(1001, "lisi", 'm', 2000, 12, 12);
	Student s2(1002, "zhangsan", 'f', 2002, 2, 23);
	s1.Show();
	s2.Show();
}