视频驱动V4L2子系统驱动架构 - 驱动框架

#文章系列
视频驱动V4L2子系统驱动架构 - 驱动框架
视频驱动V4L2子系统驱动架构 - ioctl

基于linux4.6.3
#V4L2驱动框架
v4l2驱动架构如图所示，v4l2也就是video for linux two，那么也就是说还有One了，v4l2前面还有v4l

图中芯片模块对应Soc的各个子模块，video_device结构体主要用来控制Soc的video模块，v4l2_device会包含多个v4l2_subdev ，每个v4l2_subdev 用来控制各自的子模块，某些驱动不需要v4l2_subdev ，依靠video模块就能实现功能

v4l2驱动代码在drivers\media\v4l2-core文件夹下，文件看起来很多，但是根据字面意思来理解基本的功能都了解差不多了。videobuf是实现视频的内存分配的，对于v4l2和v4l分别对应不同的文件，如videobuf-core和videobuf2-core；v4l2-dev，v4l2-device，v4l2-subdev分别对应video_device，v4l2_device ，v4l2_subdev 的实现；v4l2-ioctl是实现ioctl等等。

video驱动代码在driver/media/目录下，下面分好多子目录，platform目录存放的是不同SoC的驱动代码，对应video_device，其他大多子目录如i2c、mmc、usb、tuners、radio等对应subdev的实现

v4l2驱动框架最重要的是理解ioctl，本文章系列另一篇会详细介绍，另外v4l2驱动框架最主要的是各个ioctl实现的功能，这些实现方式需要在实际操作中多加理解，不是难点。
#V4L2 core介绍
##video_device
用于实现SoC的video模块

struct video_device
{
#if defined(CONFIG_MEDIA_CONTROLLER)
	struct media_entity entity;
	struct media_intf_devnode *intf_devnode;
	struct media_pipeline pipe;
#endif
	/* device ops */
	const struct v4l2_file_operations *fops;--------------------------具体video模块实现函数

	/* sysfs */
	struct device dev;		/* v4l device */
	struct cdev *cdev;		/* character device */--------------------上层接口

	struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev;	/* v4l2_device parent */----------v4l2_device 
	/* Only set parent if that can't be deduced from v4l2_dev */
	struct device *dev_parent;	/* device parent */

	/* Control handler associated with this device node. May be NULL. */
	struct v4l2_ctrl_handler *ctrl_handler;

	/* vb2_queue associated with this device node. May be NULL. */
	struct vb2_queue *queue;

	/* Priority state. If NULL, then v4l2_dev->prio will be used. */
	struct v4l2_prio_state *prio;

	/* device info */
	char name[32];
	int vfl_type;	/* device type */
	int vfl_dir;	/* receiver, transmitter or m2m */
	/* 'minor' is set to -1 if the registration failed */
	int minor;--------------------------------------------------------video-x的次设备号
	u16 num;
	/* use bitops to set/clear/test flags */
	unsigned long flags;
	/* attribute to differentiate multiple indices on one physical device */
	int index;

	/* V4L2 file handles */
	spinlock_t		fh_lock; /* Lock for all v4l2_fhs */
	struct list_head	fh_list; /* List of struct v4l2_fh */

	/* Internal device debug flags, not for use by drivers */
	int dev_debug;

	/* Video standard vars */
	v4l2_std_id tvnorms;		/* Supported tv norms */

	/* callbacks */
	void (*release)(struct video_device *vdev);

	/* ioctl callbacks */
	const struct v4l2_ioctl_ops *ioctl_ops;-------------------------具体功能的实现函数
	DECLARE_BITMAP(valid_ioctls, BASE_VIDIOC_PRIVATE);

	/* serialization lock */
	DECLARE_BITMAP(disable_locking, BASE_VIDIOC_PRIVATE);
	struct mutex *lock;
};

函数介绍：

//注册函数
static inline int __must_check video_register_device(struct video_device *vdev,
		int type, int nr)
//卸载函数
void video_unregister_device(struct video_device *vdev);	

##v4l2_device
对应子模块的实现，包含多个子模块

struct v4l2_device {
	/* dev->driver_data points to this struct.
	   Note: dev might be NULL if there is no parent device
	   as is the case with e.g. ISA devices. */
	struct device *dev;
#if defined(CONFIG_MEDIA_CONTROLLER)
	struct media_device *mdev;
#endif
	/* used to keep track of the registered subdevs */
	struct list_head subdevs;
	/* lock this struct; can be used by the driver as well if this
	   struct is embedded into a larger struct. */
	spinlock_t lock;
	/* unique device name, by default the driver name + bus ID */
	char name[V4L2_DEVICE_NAME_SIZE];
	/* notify callback called by some sub-devices. */
	void (*notify)(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
			unsigned int notification, void *arg);
	/* The control handler. May be NULL. */
	struct v4l2_ctrl_handler *ctrl_handler;
	/* Device's priority state */
	struct v4l2_prio_state prio;
	/* Keep track of the references to this struct. */
	struct kref ref;
	/* Release function that is called when the ref count goes to 0. */
	void (*release)(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev);
};

函数介绍：

//注册函数
int __must_check v4l2_device_register(struct device *dev, struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev);
int __must_check v4l2_device_register_subdev(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev,
						struct v4l2_subdev *sd);
//卸载函数
void v4l2_device_unregister(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev);
int __must_check v4l2_device_register_subdev(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev,
						struct v4l2_subdev *sd);

##v4l2_subdev
具体子模块的实现

struct v4l2_subdev {
#if defined(CONFIG_MEDIA_CONTROLLER)
	struct media_entity entity;
#endif
	struct list_head list;
	struct module *owner;
	bool owner_v4l2_dev;
	u32 flags;
	struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_ops *ops;--------------------------功能实现函数
	/* Never call these internal ops from within a driver! */
	const struct v4l2_subdev_internal_ops *internal_ops;
	/* The control handler of this subdev. May be NULL. */
	struct v4l2_ctrl_handler *ctrl_handler;
	/* name must be unique */
	char name[V4L2_SUBDEV_NAME_SIZE];
	/* can be used to group similar subdevs, value is driver-specific */
	u32 grp_id;
	/* pointer to private data */
	void *dev_priv;
	void *host_priv;
	/* subdev device node */
	struct video_device *devnode;
	/* pointer to the physical device, if any */
	struct device *dev;
	/* The device_node of the subdev, usually the same as dev->of_node. */
	struct device_node *of_node;
	/* Links this subdev to a global subdev_list or @notifier->done list. */
	struct list_head async_list;
	/* Pointer to respective struct v4l2_async_subdev. */
	struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd;
	/* Pointer to the managing notifier. */
	struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier;
	/* common part of subdevice platform data */
	struct v4l2_subdev_platform_data *pdata;
};

每个模块对应的实现函数
struct v4l2_subdev_ops {
	const struct v4l2_subdev_core_ops	*core;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_tuner_ops	*tuner;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_audio_ops	*audio;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_video_ops	*video;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_vbi_ops	*vbi;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_ir_ops		*ir;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_sensor_ops	*sensor;
	const struct v4l2_subdev_pad_ops	*pad;
};

函数介绍：

//注册函数
struct v4l2_subdev *v4l2_i2c_new_subdev(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev,
		struct i2c_adapter *adapter, const char *client_type,
		u8 addr, const unsigned short *probe_addrs);
struct v4l2_subdev *v4l2_spi_new_subdev(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev,
		struct spi_master *master, struct spi_board_info *info);